Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The range of a pigments ability to absorb various wave length of light; also a graph of such a range

A

Absorption spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A graph that profiles the relative effectiveness of different wave lengths of radiation in driving a particular process

A

Action spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances, derived from other organisms. They use energy from the sun or from oxidation of an organic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.

A

Autotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three carbon compound as the first stable intermediate

A

C3 plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A plant in which the Calvin cycle is proceeded by reactions that incorporate CO2 into a four carbon compounds, the end product of which supply CO2 for the Calvin cycle

A

C4 plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions) involving fixation of atmospheric CO2 and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate

A

Calvin cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A plant that uses crassulacean and metabolism, and adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions. In this process, carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted to organic acids, which release CO2 for the Calvincycle during the day when stomata are closed.

A

CAM plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism

A

Carbon fixation 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, and the chloroplasts of plants, and in some prokaryotes. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot carotenoids brought in the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.

A

Carotenoid 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A green pigment located in membranes within the chloroplast of plants and algae, and in the membranes of certain prokaryotes. It participate directly in the light reactions which convert solar energy to chemical energy.

A

Chlorophyll 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A photo synthetic pigment that participate directly in the light reactions which converts solar energy to chemical energy

A

Chlorophyll a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An accessory photosynhetic pigment that transfers, energy to chlorophyll a

A

Chlorophyll b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions, first discovered in the family crassulaceae. In this process a plant takes up CO2 at night when stomata are open and incorporate it into a variety of organic acids; during the day, when stomata are closed, CO2 is released from the organic acids for used in the Calvin cycle.

A

Crassulacean acid metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, ranging in wave length from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A three carbon carbohydrate that is the direct product of the Calvin cycle; it is also an intermediate in glycolysis

A

Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them

A

Heterotroph

17
Q

The first of two major stages in photosynthesis (preceding the Calvin cycle). These reactions, which occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast or on membranes of certain product carriers, convert solar, energy to chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process.

A

Light reactions

18
Q

A complex of proteins associated with pigment molecules, (including chlorophyll a chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) that captures light energy and transfer it to reaction center pigments in a photo system

A

Light harvesting complex

19
Q

A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and produces ATP, NADPH and O2. The net electron flow is from H2O to NADP+

A

Linear electron flow

20
Q

Leaf cells specialized by photosynthesis. In C3 and CAM plants, mesophyll cells are located between the upper and lower epidermis; and C4 plants they are located between the bundle, sheath cells, and the epidermis.

A

Mesophyll

21
Q

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, phosphate, an electron acceptor that, as NADPH, temporarily stores, energized electrons produced during the light reactions

A

NADP+

22
Q

A quantum, or discrete quantity, of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle

A

Photon

23
Q

The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate, by means of chemiosmosis, using a proton motive, force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during the light reactions of photosynthesis

A

Photophosphorylation

24
Q

A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen,and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photo synthetic output. It generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, when stomata clothes, and the O2/CO2 ratio in the leaf increases, favoring the binding of O2, rather than CO2 by rubisco

A

Photo respiration

25
Q

The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars, or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes

A

Photosynthesis

26
Q

A light capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, consisting of a reaction center complex, surrounded by numerous light harvesting complexes. There are two types of them, I and II; they absorb light best at different wavelengths.

A

Photosystem

27
Q

One of two light capturing units in a chloroplast buy liquid membrane, or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has two molecules of P 700 chlorophyll a at it’s reaction center

A

Photosystem I

28
Q

One of two light capturing units in a chloroplastylocoid membrane, or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center

A

Photosystem II

29
Q

In the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, a specialized molecule that shares a reaction center complex, with a pair of chlorophyll a molecules, and that accepts an electron from them

A

Primary electron acceptor

30
Q

A complex of proteins associated with a special pair of chlorophyll, a molecules and a primary electronic exceptor. Located centrally, and a photo system, this complex triggers, the light reactions of photosynthesis. Excited by light energy, the pair of chlorophyll donates an electron to the primary electronic sept, which passes in electron to an electron transport chain

A

Reaction center complex

31
Q

Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle

A

Rubisco

32
Q

An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths, absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution

A

Spectrophotometer

33
Q

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the upper dermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant

A

Stoma

34
Q

The dance fluid within the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane, and containing ribosomes and DNA; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water

A

Stroma

35
Q

A flattened membrane sac inside a chloroplast. They often exist in stacks, called grana that are interconnected; there membranes contain molecular machinery, used to convert light energy to chemical energy.

A

Thylakoid

36
Q

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected as various colors by the human eye, ranging and wave length from about 300 nm to about 750 nm

A

Visible light

37
Q

The distance between crest of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Wave length

AP Biology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions