Chapter 22 Flashcards
The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another
Allopatric speciation
A fertile individual that has more than two chromosomes such as a result of two different species interbreeding and combining there chromosomes
Allopolyploid
An individual that has more than two chromosomes sets that are all derived from a single species
Autopolyploid
Definition of a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups
Biological species concept
Definition of a species in terms of ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with nonliving and living parts of their environment
Ecological species concept
In evolutionarily biology, a process in which gene flow between two species that can form hybrid offspring weekends barriers to reproduction between species. This process causes a gene pools to become increasingly alike and can cause the two species diffuse into a single species
Fusion
Offspring that results from the meeting of individuals from two different species or from two true breeding varieties of the same species
Hybrid
A geographic region in which members of different species me and Nate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry
Hybrid zone
Evolutionary change above the species level. Examples of this change include the origin of a new group of organisms do a species of speciation events and the impact of mass extinctions on the diversity of life and it’s subsequent recovery
Macro evolution
Revolutionary change below the species level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations
Micro evolution
Definition of a species in terms of measurable anatomical criteria
Morphological species concept
Definition of a species has a smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life
Phylogenetic species concept
A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than to complete chromosome sets. It is a result of an accident of cell division
Polyploidy
A reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produced by two different species from developing into viable fertile adults
Post zygotic barrier
A reproductive barrier that impedes meeting between species or hinders fertilization if interspecific mating is attempted
Prezygotic barrier
The fossil record, long periods of a parent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by relatively brief period of sudden change
Punctuated equilibria
An evolutionarily biology, a process in which natural selection strengthens pre-zygotic barriers to reproduction, thus reducing the chances of hybrid formation. Such a process is likely to occur only if hybrid off spring or less fit than members of the parent species
Reinforcement
The existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring
Reproductive isolation
An evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species
Speciation
A population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups
Species
An evolutionarily biology, a term referring to a hybrid zone in which hybrids continue to be produced; this causes a hybrid going to be stable in the sense of persisting overtime
Stability
The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
Sympatric speciation
