Chapter 1 Flashcards
One of the two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria.
Archaea
One of the two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea
Bacteria
The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets.
Bioinformatics
A directional change in temperature, precipitation, or other aspect of a global climate that lasts for three decades or more
Climate change
An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group, ideally, the two groups differ only in the fact are being tested
Controlled experiment
Recorded observations
Data
A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise
Deductive reasoning
A factor whose value is measured in an experiment to see whether it is influenced by the changes in another factor (the IV)
Dependent variable
 A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide Strand consist of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases
Emergent properties
The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms
Eukarya
A type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cell
Dissent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestrial species that were different from the present day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation
Evolution
A scientific test. Often carried out under controlled conditions that involve manipulating one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing that factor
Experiment
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA
Gene
The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs
Gene expression
The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism’s or virus’s genes along with its non-coding nucleic acid sequences
Genome
The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions with us within a species, as well as genome comparisons between species
Genomics
A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory
Hypothesis
A factor whose value is manipulated or changed during an experiment to reveal possible effects on another factor (the DV)
Independent variable
A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations
Inductive reasoning
The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions
Inquiry
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits
Natural selection
A type of cell lacking a membrane in close nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea) are called prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cell
The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism
Proteome
The systematic study of the full protein sets (Proteomes) encoded by genomes
Proteomics
An approach to understanding the natural world
Science
An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system’s parts
Systems biology
The application of scientific knowledge for specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research
Technology
An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses and is supported by large body of evidence
Theory
A factor that varies during an experiment
Variable
The scientific study of life
Biology
