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AP Biology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

One of the two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria.

A

Archaea

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2
Q

One of the two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets.

A

Bioinformatics

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4
Q

A directional change in temperature, precipitation, or other aspect of a global climate that lasts for three decades or more

A

Climate change

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5
Q

An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group, ideally, the two groups differ only in the fact are being tested

A

Controlled experiment

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6
Q

Recorded observations

A

Data

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7
Q

A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise

A

Deductive reasoning

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8
Q

A factor whose value is measured in an experiment to see whether it is influenced by the changes in another factor (the IV)

A

Dependent variable

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9
Q

 A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide Strand consist of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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10
Q

New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

A

Emergent properties

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11
Q

The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms

A

Eukarya

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12
Q

A type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotic cell

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13
Q

Dissent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestrial species that were different from the present day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation

A

Evolution

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14
Q

A scientific test. Often carried out under controlled conditions that involve manipulating one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing that factor

A

Experiment

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15
Q

A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA

A

Gene

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16
Q

The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs

A

Gene expression

17
Q

The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism’s or virus’s genes along with its non-coding nucleic acid sequences

A

Genome

18
Q

The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions with us within a species, as well as genome comparisons between species

A

Genomics

19
Q

A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory

A

Hypothesis

20
Q

A factor whose value is manipulated or changed during an experiment to reveal possible effects on another factor (the DV)

A

Independent variable

21
Q

A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations

A

Inductive reasoning

22
Q

The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions

A

Inquiry

23
Q

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits

A

Natural selection

24
Q

A type of cell lacking a membrane in close nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea) are called prokaryotes

A

Prokaryotic cell

25
Q

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism

A

Proteome

26
Q

The systematic study of the full protein sets (Proteomes) encoded by genomes

A

Proteomics

27
Q

An approach to understanding the natural world

A

Science

28
Q

An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system’s parts

A

Systems biology

29
Q

The application of scientific knowledge for specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research

A

Technology

30
Q

An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses and is supported by large body of evidence

A

Theory

31
Q

A factor that varies during an experiment

A

Variable

32
Q

The scientific study of life

A

Biology

AP Biology (23 decks)

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