Chapter 10 Flashcards
A lifecycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and a one algae
Alternation of generations
The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes (By budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into two or more parts) Most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent
Asexual reproduction
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome
Autosome
- Lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. 2. In popular usage, an individual that is genetically identical to another individual. 3. As a verb, to make one or more genetic right because of an individual or cell. See also gene cloning
Clone
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent
Diploid cell
- The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote. 2. The addition of mineral nutrients to the soil
Fertilization
A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. They unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote
Gamete
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence and DNA (Or RNA, in some viruses)
Gene
The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation
Genetics
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes
Haploid cell
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Heredity
A pair of chromosomes of the same length, Centromere position, and staining pattern that possesses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One of them is inherited from the organisms father, the other from the mother
Homologous chromosomes
See homologous chromosomes
Homologs
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
Karyotype
The generation to generation sequence of stages and the reproductive history of an organism
Lifecycle
A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located
Locus
A modified type of cell division and sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosomes such as the original cell
Meiosis
The first division of a two stage process of cell division and sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets as the original cell
Meiosis one
The second division of a two stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes such as the original cell
Meiosis two
A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome
Recombinant chromosome
A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual
Sex chromosome
A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combination of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes
Sexual reproduction
Any cell in a multicellular organism accept a sperm or egg order precursors
Somatic cell
The pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase one of meiosis
Synapsis
A zipper like structure composed of proteins, which connects to homologous chromosomes tightly along their links during part of prophase one of meiosis
Synaptonemal complex
Differences between members of the same species
Variation
The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg
Zygote
