Chapter 18

Question 1

The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets

Answer 1

Bioinformatics

Question 2

(1) A taxonomic category above the Kingdom level, The three domains are archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. (2) a discrete structural and functional region of a protein by

Answer 2

Domain

Question 3

Evolutionary developmental biology; a field of biology that compares developmental processes of different multicellular organisms to understand how these processes have evolved and how changes can modify existing organismal features or lead to New ones

Answer 3

Evo-devo

Question 4

An individual’s unique set of genetic markers, detected must often today by PCR

Answer 4

Genetic profile

Question 5

The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions within a species as well as genome comparisons between species

Answer 5

Genomics

Question 6

A 180 nucleotide sequence with an homeotic genes and some other developmental genes that is widely conserved in animals. Related sequences occur in plants and yeasts.

Answer 6

Homeobox

Question 7

An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome

Answer 7

Human genome project

Question 8

The collection and sequencing of DNA from a group of species, usually an environmental sample of micro organisms. Computer software sorts partial sequences and assembles them into genome sequences of individual species making up the sample

Answer 8

Metagenomics

Question 9

A collection of jeans with similar or identical sequences, presumably of common origin

Answer 9

Multi gene family

Question 10

The entire set of proteins expressed by given cell, tissue, or organism

Answer 10

Proteome

Question 11

A DNA segment that is very similar to a real gene but does not yield a functional product; a DNA segment that formally functions as a gene that has become an activated in a particular species because of mutation

Answer 11

Pseudo gene

Question 12

The systematic study of the full protein sets (proteomes) encoded by genomes

Answer 12

Proteomics

Question 13

Nucleotide sequences, usually non-coding, that are present in many copies in a eukaryotic gene him. The repeated unit may be short and arranged tandemly (in series) or long and dispersed in the genome

Answer 13

Repetitive DNA

Question 14

A transposable element that moves within a genome by means of an RNA intermediate, a transcript of the retrotransposon DNA

Answer 14

Retrotransposon

Question 15

Simple sequence DNA containing multiple tandemly repeated units of 2 to 5 nucleotides. Variations in STR‘s act as genetic markers and STR analysis, used to prepare genetic profiles

Answer 15

Short tandem repeat (STR)

Question 16

A DNA sequence that contains many copies of tandemly repeated short sequences

Answer 16

Simple sequence DNA

Question 17

A single base parasite and a genome where nucleotide variation is found in at least 1% of the population

Answer 17

Single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 18

An approach to studying biology that aims to model of dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the systems parts

Answer 18

Systems biology

Question 19

Hey segment of DNA that can move within the genome of a cell by means of a DNA or RNA intermediate; also called a transposable genetic element

Answer 19

Transposable element

Question 20

A transposable elements that moved within a genome by means of a DNA intermediate

Answer 20

Transposon

Question 21

Procedure for genome sequencing in which the genome is randomly cut into many overlapping short segments that are sequenced; computer software that assembles to complete sequence

Answer 21

Whole-genome shotgun approach