Chapter 18 Flashcards
The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets
Bioinformatics
(1) A taxonomic category above the Kingdom level, The three domains are archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. (2) a discrete structural and functional region of a protein by
Domain
Evolutionary developmental biology; a field of biology that compares developmental processes of different multicellular organisms to understand how these processes have evolved and how changes can modify existing organismal features or lead to New ones
Evo-devo
An individual’s unique set of genetic markers, detected must often today by PCR
Genetic profile
The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions within a species as well as genome comparisons between species
Genomics
A 180 nucleotide sequence with an homeotic genes and some other developmental genes that is widely conserved in animals. Related sequences occur in plants and yeasts.
Homeobox
An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome
Human genome project
The collection and sequencing of DNA from a group of species, usually an environmental sample of micro organisms. Computer software sorts partial sequences and assembles them into genome sequences of individual species making up the sample
Metagenomics
A collection of jeans with similar or identical sequences, presumably of common origin
Multi gene family
The entire set of proteins expressed by given cell, tissue, or organism
Proteome
A DNA segment that is very similar to a real gene but does not yield a functional product; a DNA segment that formally functions as a gene that has become an activated in a particular species because of mutation
Pseudo gene
The systematic study of the full protein sets (proteomes) encoded by genomes
Proteomics
Nucleotide sequences, usually non-coding, that are present in many copies in a eukaryotic gene him. The repeated unit may be short and arranged tandemly (in series) or long and dispersed in the genome
Repetitive DNA
A transposable element that moves within a genome by means of an RNA intermediate, a transcript of the retrotransposon DNA
Retrotransposon
Simple sequence DNA containing multiple tandemly repeated units of 2 to 5 nucleotides. Variations in STR‘s act as genetic markers and STR analysis, used to prepare genetic profiles
Short tandem repeat (STR)
A DNA sequence that contains many copies of tandemly repeated short sequences
Simple sequence DNA
A single base parasite and a genome where nucleotide variation is found in at least 1% of the population
Single nucleotide polymorphism
An approach to studying biology that aims to model of dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the systems parts
Systems biology
Hey segment of DNA that can move within the genome of a cell by means of a DNA or RNA intermediate; also called a transposable genetic element
Transposable element
A transposable elements that moved within a genome by means of a DNA intermediate
Transposon
Procedure for genome sequencing in which the genome is randomly cut into many overlapping short segments that are sequenced; computer software that assembles to complete sequence
Whole-genome shotgun approach
