Chapter 68 Arthritis

Question 1

What is the total cell count, percentage of mononuclear cells, and neutrophils in normal joints

Answer 1

Total cell count: 2 x 10^9
Mononuclear cells: 94-100%
Neutrophils: 0-6%

Question 2

What is the total cell count, percentage of mononuclear cells, and neutrophils in osteoarthritis

Answer 2

Total cell count: 2-5 x 10^9
Mononuclear cells: 88-100%
Neutrophils: 0-12%

Question 3

What is the total cell count, percentage of mononuclear cells, and neutrophils in Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 3

Total cell count: 8-38 x 10^9
Mononuclear cells: 20-80%
Neutrophils: 20-80%

Question 4

What is the total cell count, percentage of mononuclear cells, and neutrophils in Nonerosive IMPA

Answer 4

Total cell count: 4-370 x 10^9
Mononuclear cells: 5-85%
Neutrophils: 15-95%

Question 5

What is the total cell count, percentage of mononuclear cells, and neutrophils in infective arthritis

Answer 5

Total cell count: 4-267 x 10^9
Mononuclear cells: 1-10%
Neutrophils: 90-100%

Question 6

What is the precursor of all prostaglandins and thromboxanes

Answer 6

PGH2

Question 7

Cartilage injury and mechanism - OA

Answer 7

Reduced stiffness of cartilage
Chondrocytes proliferate to compensate for damage
Chondrocytes can’t keep up and loss of cartilage tissue ensues.

Question 8

Does COX-2 inhibition damage renal autoperfusion

Answer 8

Yes. In the kidney, vasodilatory and tubuloactive prostaglandins are protective, ensuring that medullary vasodilation and urine output continue during states of renal arterial vasoconstriction. PGE2 and PGI2 (COX1 and Cox2) have important roles in maintain renal blood flow and ion transport within the nephron

Question 9

What are the types of erosive IMPA

Answer 9

Rheumatoid Arthritis
Polyarthritis of Greyhounds
Feline Chronic Progressive Polyarthritis (Periosteal proliferative)

Question 10

What are the types of nonerosive IMPA

Answer 10

Type I: Idiopathic
Type II: Reactive
Type III: GI disease
Type IV: Paraneoplastic

Drug Induced
SLE
Breed-Associated

Question 11

What is the most common type of non erosive IMPA

Answer 11

Most common – 50% of nonerosive IMPA patients had idiopathic type I

Question 12

Type 1 idiopathic nonerosive IMPA commonly effected joints and common bw finding

Answer 12

Carpal and tarsal joints most commonly affected than elbow and stifle.
67% of dogs had moderately elevated LE on bw

Question 13

Describe type II reactive nonerosive IMPA and what percentage of patients had type II

Answer 13

Similar to reactive (Reiter’s syndrome) in humans - Autoimmune condition characterized by polyarthritis, eye and urethral inflammation secondary to STI or GI infection.
25% of nonerosive IMPA patients had type II

Question 14

Describe rheumatoid arthritis and which joints are commonly affected

Answer 14

Deforming symmetric polyarthritis, synovitis of joints and tendon sheaths, articular cartilage loss, erosion of juxta-articular bone, and presence of IgM rheumatoid factor.
Destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone associated with invasive tissue in joints called “Pannus”
Most commonly affects stifle, carpus, hip, elbow, and tarsus

Question 15

Bacteria associated with septic arthritis in dogs, cats, and juveniles

Answer 15

Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, and beta-hemolytic Streptococci spp in dogs
Pasteurella multocida and Bacteroides spp. in cats
Staphylococcus canis in juveniles – neonatal or congenital exposure