Chapter 6 Shock Flashcards
Four types of shock
Hypovolemic
Distributive
Cardiogenic
Hypoxic
Causes of hypovolemic shock
Hemorrhage, fluid loss (acute GI disease)
Causes of distributive shock
Sepsis, SIRS, anaphylaxis, Drugs, neurogenic shock
What are causes of neurogenic shock, Moa, and effects?
Spinal cord injury, TBI, seizures, spinal tumors
Disruption in autonomic nervous system which regulates sympathetic tone
Loss of sympathetic tone, vasodilation, hypotension, decreased tissue perfusion, bradycardia, loss of temp regulation
What are the main causes of cardiogenic shock
Systolic failure: CHF, DCM, Arrhythmias, mechanical defects
Diastolic failure: HCM, pericardial disease, obstructive shock, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pericardial fibrosis
Causes of hypoxic shock
Anemia, respiratory disease, hypoxemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, acetaminophen toxicity in cats (methemoglobinemia)
Causes of increased CVP
Cardiogenic shock
R CHF
pleural space dz
pericardial effusion
fluid overload
increased intrathoracic pressure
Causes of decreased CVP
Shock
hypovolemia
vasodilation
How is cardiac output measured
CO = SV x HR
SV= Preload, afterload, and contractility
Do you measure stroke volume
SV= Preload, afterload, and contractility
Causes of systolic failure (4 causes)
- Myocardial dysfunction (CHF, DCM)
- Arrhythmia
- Mechanical defects
- Drugs
Causes of diastolic failure (4 causes)
- Cardiac tamponade*
- Pericardial fibrosis/disease
- Tension pneumothorax
- HCM
Define obstructive shock and give two examples
Extracardiac causes compressing the heart or vessels
Pericardial disease and tension pneumothorax
4 causes of left shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
- Decrease in temperature
- Decrease in PCO2
- Decrease in DPG
- Increase in pH
4 causes of right shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
- Increase in temperature
- Increase in PCO2
- Increase in DPG
- Decrease in pH
