Chapter 10 Wound Infections and Antimicrobial Use

Question 1

Infection rate for clean-contaminated surgery

Answer 1

~5%

Question 2

Infection rate for clean surgery

Answer 2

2.5-7%

Question 3

Most common bacteria in orthopedic infections

Answer 3

1. Staphylococcus
2. Streptococcus
3. Anaerobes

Question 4

Infection in surgery is usually exogenous or endogenous?

Answer 4

Endogenous - S. pseudintermedius

Question 5

Extended use of antibiotics (> 24 hours) in surgery

Answer 5

Extended use of antibiotics in intestinal surgery does not prevent infections and increases the incidence of resistant bacteria

Question 6

Hair removal prior to surgery

Answer 6

Hair removal within 4 hours of surgery was associated with lower incidence of SSI

Question 7

Deep vs organ space SSI according to CDC guidelines

Answer 7

Deep - within 30-90 days
Includes fascia or muscle
Must have either purulent discharge, positive culture, spontaneous dehiscence, or opened by surgeon, abscess or evidence of infection on imaging or histology

Organ space -
Deeper than fascia or muscle - any space, organ, or bone
otherwise same criteria

Question 8

What are 6 known risk factors for SSI?

Answer 8

Duration of surgery
Duration of anesthesia
surgical site preparation timing
method of wound closure (staples)
Antimicrobial prophylaxis
Comorbidities (endocrinopathies)