Chapter 6: Observational Learning (EXAM 2)

Question 1

Social Learning Theory

Answer 1

Albert Bandura
Learning that occurs during watching others and imitating their behavior

Question 2

Modeling

Answer 2

Process of observing and imitating behavior
tend to follow models that are similar, successful, or has what we want

Question 3

Live Model

Answer 3

Directly demonstrating behavior IRL

Question 4

Verbal Model

Answer 4

Describing/explaining behavior in words

Question 5

Symbolic Model

Answer 5

Behavior demonstrated by someone in media

Question 6

Steps of Learning via Model

Answer 6

1. Attention
   notice and attend to model, if you identify with them, more attention
2. Retention
   remember what model did
3. Reproduce
   attempt to copy behavior
4. Motivation
   wants to do behavior, motivation affected by vicarious operant consequences
   after vicarious, motivated by own direct reinforcement/punishment

Question 7

Vicarious Reinforcements

Answer 7

2nd hand reinforcement
seeing model getting reinforced increases desire to do behavior

Question 8

Vicarious Punishment

Answer 8

2nd hand punishment
seeing model get punished decreases desire to do behavior

Question 9

Bandura’s Bobo Doll Study

Answer 9

Study:
control: watched adults play nice with bobo
violence: watched adults beat up bobo

Question: will children be more violent after watching violence?

Results: violence group imitated adults by beating up bobo for both live and symbolic modeling

Question 10

Bobo Doll Study Alternations

Answer 10

symbolic modeling video had different endings/consequences:
1. no consequence for beating bobo up
2. reinforced
3. punished

more likely to imitate with no consequence or reinforcement

Question 11

Implications of Bobo Doll Study

Answer 11

Media violence often showed with no consequence for violence, or violent acts justified by “good guy” figures (reinforced)

Question 12

Does media violence increase aggression?

Answer 12

Short term study: YES
children who watched justified violence 7x more likely to act violently on playgrounds, imitating the “good guys” during play

Long term study: Not definite
correlation between violence watched in childhood and aggression in adulthood (more likely to get into fights)
Correlation not always causation

Longitudinal studies: Amount of Violent media watched as kids predicted aggression in adults, but never vice versa

Question 13

Watching violence…

Answer 13

Desensitizes, makes it not affect as much

Question 14

If you want your child to do something…

Answer 14

You must model it yourself!