Ch 10 (EXAM 4)

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts

Question 2

Primary emotions

Answer 2

Innate, simple and universal emotions that increase survival of the species

i.e.
Fear, happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise, contempt

HTR: Can a baby do this?

Question 3

Secondary emotions

Answer 3

Blends of primary emotions that are complex and learned

i.e.
Pride, jealousy, shame, remorse, grief

Problems with definition: What blends are these secondary emotions exactly?
Some things that elicit primary emotions are learned— does that mean they are secondary?

Question 4

Valence

Answer 4

Positive valence: pleasant feelings

Negative valence: unpleasant feelings

Question 5

Arousal

Answer 5

Intensity/physiological arousal of emotions

High arousal: rage, excitement

Low arousal: boredom, contentment

Question 6

Circumplex map of emotions

Answer 6

Maps out the two dimensions of valence and arousal

Highly subjective and debated

Many emotions often not fully explained with just these 2 dimensions
I.e. nostalgia with both pleasant and unpleasant valences

Question 7

Parts of emotion

Answer 7

1. Physiological arousal: INSIDE FEELINGS
2. Behavioral response: OUTWARD BEHAVIOR
3. Subjective experience: LABELING EXPERIENCE TO AN EMOTION

Question: What order do they occur in?

Question 8

Theories of emotions

Answer 8

James-Lange theory (JL)
Cannon-bard theory (CB)
Schacter-singer theory (SS)

Question 9

James-Lange theory (JL)

Answer 9

Physiological arousal occurs first in response to stimuli

Different types of patterns of physiological arousal occurs for different types of stimuli

Brain interprets these different patterns of arousal as different emotions

TRUE: different patterns of brain activation for different emotions

FALSE: physiological responses are too similar to explain variety of emotions

Question 10

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 10

Stimuli simultaneously triggers conscious feelings (labeling) and physiological arousal

Steps:
-Experience stimuli
-Message sent to thalamus/limbic system
-Message sent to Automatic NS and cerebral cortex at same time

ANS: Physiological arousal
Cerebral cortex: Labeling

Question 11

Schacter-Singer theory

Answer 11

Use situation cues to determine which emotion we are experiencing

Steps:
-Experience stimuli
-Experience physiological arousal
-Look for cues in surrounding to explain WHY, and use this info to label

Question 12

Misattribution of arousal

Answer 12

Mislabeling physiological arousal due to different situational cues
Provides evidence for SS theory

being aware of misattribution can lessen its effects

Question 13

Misattribution of arousal: Adrenaline shot

Answer 13

3 groups: Control, Happy group, and Angry group all given the same adrenaline shot (same physiological arousal)

Control left alone: no emotion

Happy group with happy confederate: Happy emotion

Angry group with angry confederate: Angry emotion

Same physiological arousal type but different emotion labeling due to different situational cues

Question 14

Misattribution of arousal: Suspension bridge

Answer 14

2 bridges, one shaky and one stable
Attractive lady researcher stood in the middle and asked a question based on pictures
Then gave them her number afterwards

Result:
Shaky bridge: more sexual answers and more likely to have asked her out later

Stable bridge: less sexual answers and less likely to have asked her out later

Misattributed the physiological arousal of fear from the shaky bridge to attraction towards the women

Question 15

Darwin’s expressions

Answer 15

Facial expressions are adaptive, universal and innate to all humans

Evidence: Those who are blind from birth have same expression for same emotions as those who can see

Question 16

Ekman

Answer 16

Tested expressions in different countries and proved Darwin correct

6 Facial expressions as universal and innate: primary emotions

Facial expressions and body language used in combination to determine emotion: context matters

Question 17

Display rule of expressions

Answer 17

Rules and regulations based off cultural group and expectations on how and when to express emotions

Affected by race and sex

Learned via socialization, taught both directly and indirectly

If not follow expectations: Stigma

Question 18

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 18

Sensations from movement of facial muscles are interpreted by brain as different emotions

Facial movements causes emotions instead of emotions causing facial movement (goes both ways)