Ch 16 (EXAM 5) Flashcards
How many people use mental health services?
~13-15% of US adults
Less than half who need it get help
Why do so little people get mental health services?
- Expensive (no insurance)
- Lack of access (more demand, less providers)
- Social stigma (belief that mental illness is a weakness that must be overcome; reason why women seek out mental health services more) More education, more likely to get help
Many who seek treatment delay doing so for many years (average 11 years!)
Why do people seek treatment?
Many reasons, not just diagnosable disorder
Only 50% in treatment meet criteria for disorder
Counseling for:
Grief
Coping/learning how to cope
Relationships
Trauma (Not PTSD)
Many types of treatments available
2 major types of treatment:
Psychotherapy
Biomedical therapy
Psychotherapy
Nonmedical treatment for clients
Generic term for any professional mental health treatment
Helps individuals recognize and overcome problems themselves without medicine
Types:
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic
Behavioral
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Dialectical behavioral therapy
Psychoanalysis
First of its kind
Freud
Emphasizes recovery of unconscious conflicts from childhood via talking with a professional
Therapist looks for clues about client’s unconscious via childhood and leads client to understand it too
Takes very long time
Mostly fallen out of favor
Humanistic
Helps people reach full potential by becoming more self aware and accepting
Supportive, emotional climate for client
Client-centered therapy
Emphasis on unconditional support for client
Uses a lot of reflexive speech, mirroring client’s feelings so that they better understand it
Client holds major role in determining speed and direction of the therapy
Behavioral
Involves using learning principles to change client’s maladaptive behaviors, not cognitive
Assumes that knowing reason for a behavior is not enough to fix it, and maladaptive behavior is learned (so it can be unlearned)
Examples:
Aversive conditioning (associate undesirable behavior with unpleasant stimuli)
Exposure therapy
Systematic desensitization helps people overcome phobia by being overexposed to them
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Emphasizes thoughts are main problem of psychological disorder
Tries to get clients to challenge unhealthy thoughts with logic and reasoning
Often assigns clients HW assignments where they analyze their thoughts and practice realistic thinking
Effective for depression and anxiety
ABC model
Activation (situation that triggers it)
Belief (a thought/belief)
Consequences (Feelings, behaviors)
Dispute (Challenge belief)
Dialectical behavioral therapy
Emphasizes acceptance, mindfulness, and emotional regulation
Effective for borderline PD, self harm and intense emotional reactions
Learning to accept the thoughts and separate them from one’s identity
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
Very effective for many disorders and other issues
No one type is always more effective
Improvement for most within couple weeks to 6 months
Many modern clinicians are eclectic, meaning they use various techniques
Therapeutic alliance
Relationships between client and therapist very important for effectiveness of treatment
Biomedical therapy
Physiological interventions (medications) that reduces symptoms associated with the psych. disorder
Assumes psych. disorders are caused by biological approach/biological malfunction
Types:
Psychotropic medication (Anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-psychotic, atypical anti-psychotic)
ECT
TMS
Psychotropic medication
Meds that affect mental processes by altering brain chemistry
Anti-anxiety
Anti-depressants
Anti-psychotic
Atypical anti-psychotic
Anti-anxiety drugs
Short term treatment of short term anxiety
Works quickly, lasts few hours
Not to be taken frequently as it can be addictive
