Chapter 7 (EXAM 2)

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

Thinking
Processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem-solving, judgment, language and memory

Question 2

Problem-solving

Answer 2

Processes of cognition that occurs when goal must be reached by thinking/behaving in certain ways

Question 3

Algorithm

Answer 3

slow but always correct
step by step, try it all until it is solved, guarantees correct solution every time but gets really slow

Question 4

Heuristics

Answer 4

Rule of thumb, experience-based solutions
not guaranteed the right solution, but much faster and efficient
brain likes efficiency

Question 5

Mental set

Answer 5

Boxedness
Persisting in approaching problem in same way even if it didn’t wrong
i.e. study methods

Question 6

Functional fixedness

Answer 6

Cannot perceive an object being used as anything other than what it was designed for

Question 7

Anchoring Bias

Answer 7

Focusing on the first piece of information when making decisions
i.e. sales, regular price vs. sales price

Question 8

Confirmation Bias

Answer 8

Tendency to tunnel on info that confirms existing beliefs and ignoring information that goes against it
i.e. 3#

Question 9

Hindsight Bias

Answer 9

Belief that the thing you experienced was actually predictable

Question 10

Representative Bias

Answer 10

Unintentionally stereotyping
assuming that anything sharing characteristics of members in a category must belong in that category

Question 11

Availability Bias

Answer 11

Making decisions based on the ease of recalling certain experiences more than other experiences
whatever’s most readily available to you
you think the more times you remember something, the more frequently it must happen
i.e. plane crash