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PSYCH > Chapter 1 (EXAM 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (EXAM 1) Flashcards

Histories of Psychology, Disciplines, & Career

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1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

Scientific study of cognition and behaviors for humans and nonhumans.

BRAIN + BODY

Do-> Think -> Feel

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2
Q

History of Psychology: Perspectives

A

Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychodynamics
Behavioralism
Humanism
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Biopsychology

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3
Q

Structuralism

A

Wundt
-INTROSPECTION and CONSCIOUSNESS
-Objectively describing one’s feelings
-Elements of consciousness/determined the structure of consciousness

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4
Q

Functionalism

A

-James
-How people function in the world and adopt to their environment
-Observation of behavior/purpose of behavior

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5
Q

Psychodynamics

A

-Sigmund Freud
-UNCONSCIOUS: tip of the iceberg
-Early childhood events determine personality/mental disorders
-Conflicts: Cynicism & Morality leads to anxiety

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6
Q

Behavioralism

A

-Skinner & Watson
-Only observable events can be studied, things of the mind can’t
-All things can be learned through conditioning

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7
Q

Humanistic

A

-Maslow & Rogers
-Humans have FREE WILL and choice (countered Freudian and Behavioralist’s no choice)
-Born with positive potential and to be good
-Can only reach full potential after achieving basic needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)

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8
Q

Cognitive

A

-Study of attention, thinking, working memory, language, perception and interpretation
-Study of cognition: how you think and store info

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9
Q

Sociocultural Psychology

A

-How we interact with out society and how we are influenced by each other
-Broader contexts

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10
Q

Biopsychology

A

-Scientific study of the CNS/PNS
-Biology influences behavior, can change our interpretation and questions we ask

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11
Q

History of Psychology: Those Left Behind

A

Old White Men Bias: Psychology has been led by Old white men because women and POC had a difficult time attaining education back then.
Research was also conducted on white people

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12
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

-First Women to have a PhD in Psychology
-Studied animal cognition and behavior

HTR: Margaret F. W. (First Woman) to get PhD

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13
Q

Anna Freud

A

-Daughter of Sigmund Freud
-Studied women defense mechanisms
-Child psychoanalysis as well

HTR: Opposite of Sigmund

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14
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

1st Female APA President

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15
Q

Leta Hollingworth

A

-Challenged intellectual inferiority of women to men
-Proved wrong that women are unable to function during menstruation
-Studied Gifted education

HTR: worth -> of women
Holling-> howling-> moon -> menstruation

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16
Q

Inez Prosser

A

-1st black woman to earn PhD in Psychology
-Wanted to keep segregation in schools to avoid the negative influence of discrimination from teachers and peers

17
Q

Martha Bernal

A

-1st Latina to earn PhD in Psychology
-Trained people for cultural consciousness in psychology

18
Q

Mamie Phipps Clarke

A

-Clarke Doll Study -> prejudice leads to self-hatred in young children
-Children can attribute prejudice to race

19
Q

Kenneth Clarke

A

-First black president of APA
-Assisted with the Clarke Doll Study

HTR: Kennedy- president

20
Q

Francis Cecil Summer

A

-Father of Black Psychology
-1st Black person to earn PhD in Psychology

HTR: Francis in CP had a PhD (probably)

21
Q

Robert Williams II

A

-National Association of Black Psychology
-Challenged innate racial differences in intelligence
-Equated cause to lack of Ebonics (ebony + Phonetics)
-Encouraged Cultural homogeneity.

22
Q

Disciplines of Psychology

A

Often correlated and overlaps

Many times, research questions are so multifaceted, multiple disciplines are required

23
Q

Biopsychology

A

Biology (NT) affects behavior

24
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Ultimate biological cause of certain behaviors (usually survival mechanism)

25
Q

Sensation & Perception

A

How perceptions are influenced by our different sensations (Ink test, dress controversy)

26
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Study of cognition (attention, thinking, WM, language)

27
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Study the development from child to adulthood

28
Q

Personality Psychology

A

Patterns of thoughts/behaviors that make an individual unique

29
Q

Social Psychology

A

How we interact and are influenced by others

30
Q

Industrial- organizational psychology (IO)

A

Applies psychology in industrial/corporate contexts

31
Q

Sports & Exercise Psychology

A

Psychological effects of sports performance on mental health

32
Q

Clinical/Counseling Psychology

A

Diagnosing and treating psychological disorders. Counseling is more geared toward emotional and mental health

33
Q

Forensic Psychology

A

Psychology in justice/judicial system

34
Q

Careers in Psychology

A

Masters (Counselor/therapist)

PhD/PSyD
(Clinical Psychologist)

MD
(Psychiatrist)

35
Q

Difference between Clinical Psychologist and Psychiatrist

A

Psychiatrists need a MD to prescribe medicine, but both can diagnose psychological disorders

36
Q

American Psychological Association (APA)

A

Represents psychologists in U.S.
Advance and spread psychological knowledge to all

PSYCH (13 decks)

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