Ch 10 Pt. 1 (EXAM 4)

Question 1

Sexual behavior

Answer 1

Physiological mechanism:
Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Limbic system

Ability to engage in sex and motivation to do sex regulated separately in humans

Question 2

Kinsey’s Research

Answer 2

Created a book of sex that opened conversations of sex
Shaped future research on sex
Created the continuum kinsey scale for heterosexual-homosexual rating scale that categorizes sexual orientation of an individual

Question 3

Sexual orientation

Answer 3

Romantic and sexual attraction toward a particular sex and or gender and or lack thereof

Exists on a continuum

7.6% of American adults identify as LGBTQ+
Can change naturally with time, but is NOT a choice or something that can be controlled

Question 4

Bisexual

Answer 4

Attracted to both genders or more

Question 5

Pansexual

Answer 5

Attracted without regard to sex or gender

Question 6

Asexual

Answer 6

No sexual attraction/interest

Question 7

Aromantic

Answer 7

No romantic attraction/interest

Question 8

Queer

Answer 8

Umbrella term to describe sexual orientation, gender ID, gender expression

Any non-straight category; used when other labels don’t fit right

Question 9

Sexual orientation cause

Answer 9

Not on answer, multiple ways

Some theories:
1. Genetics: Sexual orientation has an underlying biological component

2. Environment: Research demonstrates that those of LGBTQ+ and straight people come from similar backgrounds and experiences

Homosexuality exists every disregarding culture but there are cultural differences in how they think about homosexuality

Question 10

Conversion (therapy)

Answer 10

Harmful, increases depression and suicidality, and ineffective

Sexual orientation is NOT a choice and does not change forceably

Consistent personal characteristic

No scientific evidence that someone can forcefully change sexual orientation, but it may change naturally over time

Question 11

Sex

Answer 11

Biological attributes used to categorize people as male or female

Question 12

Intersex

Answer 12

Person who’s biology can’t fit into typically defined male or female categories
Not XX or XY, not just vagina/penis, usually qualities of both reproductive organ

Demonstrates that sex is a continuum

1/100 are intersex

Question 13

Gender

Answer 13

Socially constructed set of roles, behaviors, and expectations used to classify people and may change over time

Question 14

Gender Identity

Answer 14

One’s sense of being male, female, neither, both, or another
person’s internal sense of their gender

Typically developed and understood very early: toddler-preschool by both cisgender and transgender kids

Question 15

Gender Expression

Answer 15

How you show yourself to others
The way you communicate gender ID to others

Question 16

Transgender

Answer 16

Sex at birth is different from gender identity
.6% of all adults, 2% of gen Z

Question 17

Cisgender

Answer 17

Gender ID matches sex assigned at birth

Question 18

Nonbinary

Answer 18

Gender ID that exists outside of male/female binary
Usually neither or
1% of adults, 3% of gen Z

Question 19

Gender-fluid

Answer 19

No fixed gender identity
gender fluctuates over time in different contexts

Question 20

Gender nonconforming

Answer 20

A person who does not conform to the gender norms that are expected of them

Question 21

Gender Dysphoria

Answer 21

Psychological distress experienced by individuals who do not identify as sex assigned at bith

Question 22

Gender affirming care model

Answer 22

Recommended by APA for treating gender dysphoria

Before puberty: social transition ONLY, no need for medical transitions

After puberty: may include medical transitioning

Question 23

Medical transitioning

Answer 23

Typically safe and well-tolerated procedure
relieves gender dysphoria distress
decreases depression and suicidality

Hormone blockers: pauses puberty, safe and reversible

Gender-affirming hormones: moves body to become more inline with gender identity
generally safe, some irreversible, some side effect

Question 24

Transitions

Answer 24

Social: change name, PN, relations, presentation

Legal: change documents and legal name

Medical: change physical and sexual characteristics

Question 25

Sexual phases

Answer 25

Based on Masters and Johnson’s research watching sex (first large and systematic study of sexual response)

4 phases:
1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasm
4. Resolution
4.5 Refractory period

Question 26

1. Excitement

Answer 26

Arousal
Erection and lubrication

Question 27

2. Plateau

Answer 27

Sexual arousal continues at higher levels
orgasmic platform develops in the vagina where uterus is higher up and swells
Fully erect penis and pre-ejaculatory fluid (precum)

Question 28

3. Orgasm

Answer 28

Intense muscular rhythmic contractions of penis and uterus
Pelvic contraction and seminal fluid build up that is forcefully ejaculated up via muscular contractions

Question 29

4. Resolution

Answer 29

Rapid return to an unaroused state

Question 30

4.5 Refractory period

Answer 30

Period of time after orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm

individual variation, more common for those with a penis

Question 31

Protect yourself!

Answer 31

Condoms used for STI protection
50% of people get an STI by the time they are 25
many STI’s are treatable (some may not be curable)

Question 32

Motivation

Answer 32

Wants/needs that direct behavior toward a goal

Question 33

Over justification effect

Answer 33

Intrinsic diminished when extrinsic reward is expected to be given