Chapter 6: Classical Conditioning (EXAM 2)

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Pavlov
Process where we learn to associate a stimuli and its consequent events, associating stimuli that repeatedly happens together

Question 2

Unconditioned Stimuli (UCS)

Answer 2

Stimuli that elicits a natural response, reflexive and instinctive

i.e. food

Question 3

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Answer 3

Response that is naturally elicited to stimuli, unlearnt

i.e. salivating to food

Question 4

Neutral Stimuli

Answer 4

Stimuli that does not naturally elicit a response, neutral

i.e. bell

Question 5

Conditioned Stimuli (CS)

Answer 5

Stimuli that elicits a response after being repeatedly and immediately paired with Unconditioned stimulus

i.e. Bell

SAME AS NS

Question 6

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 6

Response to a conditioned stimuli after multiple associations with unconditioned stimulus

i.e. Salivating to bell

SAME AS UCR

Question 7

Taste Aversion

Answer 7

ONLY NEED SINGLE INSTANCE OF CONDITIONING

Associations made with tase/smell only
conditioning can happen hours later, doesn’t need to be immediate
Very resistant to extinction

i.e. getting sick after eating oyster, feeling nauseous just looking at oyster

Evolutionary adaptation to avoid dangerous food ASAP
Species survival by helping organism avoid stimuli that poses dangers

Question 8

Acquisition

Answer 8

Initial period of learning to connect the NS to the UCS
Timing is important, presentation of NS immediately with UCS for success (With exception of Taste Aversion)

Question 9

Extinction

Answer 9

Decrease in CR after long bouts of UCS not being paired with CS (food no longer will bell)

gradually weakens and then disappears

Question 10

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 10

Sudden recovery of previously extinguished CR following rest period.

Previously learned conditioning is easy to relearn

Question 11

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 11

Organism discriminates stimuli from similar stimuli and ONLY responds to that specific stimuli

Question 12

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 12

Stimuli similar to the CS elicits CR, does not discriminate stimuli as long as they are similar

Question 13

Unlearned behaviors

Answer 13

Instinct (Innate behaviors triggered by event), reflex (motor/neural reaction to stimuli)

all forms of adaptation to environment without learning

Question 14

Learned Behaviors

Answer 14

Involves change and EXPERIENCE
Relatively permanent change in behavior and knowledge from experiences

Question 15

Associative Learning

Answer 15

Organism makes connections between stimuli and events that go together

Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning

Question 16

Second-order Conditioning

Answer 16

When already conditioned stimulus conditions another neutral stimulus
CS acts as an UCS

i.e. ringing bell and creaking of cabinet

2nd order is the highest it goes up to

Question 17

Ex. Albert playing with white rat. Every time, researcher played loud sound, making albert cry. Now, albert has phobia of rats

Answer 17

UCS: Striking sound
UCR: crying/fear
NS: white rat
CS: Rat
CR: crying/fear

Question 18

Classical conditioning and drug addiction

Answer 18

When taking drugs in familiar environment, brain recognizes the cues and compensates for incoming drugs by producing countering responses that’d negate drug (tolerance)

Unfamiliar environment, brain does not counter (overdoes)

In familiar environment, no drug, brain overcompensates (Withdrawal)

Question 19

Rescoria-Wagner model

Answer 19

Mathematically predicts if CS will be likely/unlikely learned

Question 20

Behaviorism

Answer 20

Watson
Classical conditioning, operant condition…
Contests freudian unconscious, no regard for internal processes, only external behavior will make psychology legitimate science