Biopsychology (EXAM 3)

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

Cell in Nervous system that receives, integrates, and transmits information

Question 2

Soma Cell body

Answer 2

Neuron nucleus

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

Received messages from postsynaptic neuron

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Transmits signals through neuron via action potential

Question 5

Axon terminal (terminal buttons)

Answer 5

Passes signals to next neuron’s dendrites
Carries NT that goes into synaptic cleft and binds to receptors

Question 6

Myelin Sheath

Answer 6

Insulating material that coats axons and speeds signaling transmission by hastening AP

Question 7

Action Potential

Answer 7

Brief electrical charge that travels down axon
When AP reaches terminal, triggers the release of NT into synaptic cleft
NT reaches dendrite of postsynaptic neuron and binds to selective receptors
If the postsynaptic neuron reaches AP threshold, fires
If the postsynaptic neuron doesn’t reach AP threshold, doesn’t fire

Question 8

All or nothing principle

Answer 8

AP threshold of membrane potential MUST be met for signal to fire down axon. If it doesn’t it will not fire

Question 9

Electrochemicals

Answer 9

AP, NT

Question 10

Receptors

Answer 10

Specialized for specific NT (Like lock and key)

Question 11

Reuptake

Answer 11

Reabsorbing unused NT in synaptic cleft

Question 12

Agonist

Answer 12

Artificial NT
Chemical that mimics the actions of NT and tricks brain into thinking there are more NT released
delays reuptake so that more NT can bind to receptors
i.e. opioids and endorphines

Question 13

Antagonist

Answer 13

Chemical that works against NT
blocks receptors
stops presynaptic neuron from releasing NT
i.e. Botox

Question 14

Glial cells

Answer 14

White matter (glial)
Gray matter (neuron)
Support cells in NS
Support and nourish neurons
gets rid of waste (reuptake
Makes up myelin sheath

Question 15

Nervous system divides into 2:

Answer 15

CNS
PNS

Question 16

CNS divides into two:

Answer 16

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 17

PNS divides into two:

Answer 17

Somatic nervous system
Automatic nervous system

Question 18

Somatic nervous system

Answer 18

Nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors
afferent: brings signals in from outside stimuli
efferent: brings brain signals out for muscles to act

Question 19

Automatic Nervous system

Answer 19

Nerves that connect to heart, blood vessels, organs, glands
Not voluntarily/consciously moved

Question 20

Automatic nervous system divides into 2:

Answer 20

Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 21

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 21

Fight/flight response
mobilizes body’s resources for emergencies, sympathetic to the stresses and helps body get over that stress

Question 22

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

Calms body back to rest after the sympathetic nervous system