Chapter 3 pt 3 (EXAM 3)

Question 1

Spinal cord

Answer 1

Connects brain to outside world
Sends sensory signals to brain
interprets own signals and goes straight to motor command instead of brain to save time

Question 2

Neuroplasticity

Answer 2

How nervous system can change and adapt by reorganizing structure, function, and connections
Creating new synapses
Pruning

Question 3

Lateralization

Answer 3

Specialization of function
Left hemisphere controls right side
Right hemisphere controls left side

Left: memory, selective attention, positive emotions

Right: Pitch, arousal, negative emotions

Both ultimately works together

Question 4

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 4

Outer surface of the brain with gyrii and sulci
higher level processing

Question 5

Forebrain structures

Answer 5

Largest part of brain
contains:
Cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Hippocampus
Hippothalamus
Amygdala
(Limbic system)

Question 6

Cerebral cortex lobes

Answer 6

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 7

Front lobe

Answer 7

Reasoning, motor control, emotion, language, impulse control

Motor cortex: motor control, planning, and coordination

Prefrontal cortex: Higher level reasoning and function and impulse control

Broca’s area: Language production

Question 8

Parietal lobe

Answer 8

Processes sensory information from the body

Somatosensory cortex: processes sensory information, touch and sensation
larger the SA of the body part, more area dedicated in the cortex i.e. fingers

Question 9

Temporal lobe

Answer 9

Hearing, memory, emotion, and language

Auditory cortex: processing auditory information

Wernicke’s area: Language comprehension

Question 10

Limbic system: Thalamus

Answer 10

Sensory relay station for brain
All senses except smell filtered through thalamus before going to brain for further processing

Question 11

Limbic system: Hippocampus

Answer 11

Learning and creating new memories

Question 12

Limbic system: Hippothalamus

Answer 12

Homeostatic processes
4F’s
Fighting
Fleeing
Feeding
Fucking

Body temperature, appetite, and blood pressure regulation, also endocrine system with sexual motivation and behavior

Question 13

Limbic system: Amygdala

Answer 13

Experience of emotions and tying emotional meaning to memories

Question 14

Limbic system

Answer 14

Processing emotion and memory
Smell goes straight to limbic system, evoking emotional response that other senses do not

Question 15

Midbrain structures

Answer 15

Reticular formation, Substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area

Question 16

Reticular formation

Answer 16

Regulating sleep/wake cycle
Arousal, alertness and motor activities

Question 17

Substantia nigra & ventral tegmental area

Answer 17

Produces Dopamine for movement

Question 18

Hindbrain structures

Answer 18

Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum

Question 19

Medulla

Answer 19

Controls automatic processes of NS such as breathing, heart rate

Question 20

Pons

Answer 20

Bridges the hindbrain to the rest of the brain
Regulates sleep/brain activity during sleep

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

Receives messages from muscle, tendons, joints, and ears to control balance, coordination and movement and motor skills
Also processes some memories for procedural

Question 22

Computerized Tomography scan (CT)

Answer 22

X-ray of section of brain/body
Image of brain’s structure

Question 23

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 23

Picture of brain activity
drinks radioactive liquid and traces it in the brain based on usage
Not exact, replaced with FMRI

Question 24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 24

Magnetic field causes hydrogen atoms to move, giving different signals based on tissue density
gives brain/body image

Question 25

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI)

Answer 25

Same as MRI but shoes brain activity by tracking blood oxygen levels
More accurate

Question 26

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 26

Measures brain’s electrical activity similar to ABR
Accurate
Sleep research