Chapter 6 6.2 Flashcards
Encoding specificity
A principle stating that the ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on how well it taps into information that was originally encoded.
Retrieving memories
Recall, recognition, and relearning
Retrieval Cues
Stimuli that allow or help people to recall information.
Context and state dependence
Memory that is helped or hindered by similarities or differences in a person’s internal state during learning versus recall.
Mood congruent memory
Phenomenon that explores how a person is more likely to remember a piece of information or recall a memory when it is consistent or congruent with a particular mood being experienced at the time.
Retrieval from semantic memory
A memory process involving word meaning
Semantic Network
How your memory is organized
Spreading activation
In semantic network theories of memory a principle that explains how information is retrieved.
Retrieving incomplete knowledge
You can identify some but not enough to identify the event
Constructing memories
Memories may not represent literal happenings since they can be altered by new information, attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs.
Relating semantic and episodic memory PDP
The semantic structure of remembered items affects performance in episodic memory tasks.
Schemas
Mental representations of categories of objects, places, events, and people. Past representations
Herman Eddinghaus
Pioneered the experimental study of memory
Relearning, savings
A method for measuring forgetting
Decay time
A description of forgetting as the gradual disappearance of information from memory.
Interference
The process through which storage or retrieval of information is impaired by the presence of other information
Retroactive inhibition
A cause of forgetting whereby new information placed in memory interferences with the ability to recall information already in memory.
Proactive inhibition
A cause of forgetting whereby previously learned information interferences with the ability to remember new information.
Repressed memories
A painful memory that is said to be kept out of consciousness by psychological processes.
False memories
A distorted recollection of an event or most severely, recollection of a event that never actually happened.
Evidence - Anecdotes Vs. Data
An informational story or account of events that took place told to communicate information r persuade the listener to believe the teller.
