Chapter 5 5.3 Flashcards
Applications
The study and ability to solve problems within human behavior such as health issues, workplace issues, or education.
Examples: Teaching, workplace (tardiness)
Pets, sleep
Personal achievements
Neural networks
A series of connected neurons.
PDP - connectionist models
Suggest that knowledge is distributed rather than being located and that it is retrieved through spreading activation among connections.
Problems - complex task, change in rules
Any situation in which we are trying to reach a goal and we must find a means to reach that goal.
Cognitive processes in learning
S —– R only
Stimulus response theory - Ideal that learning and behavior can be explained by interactions between stimuli and the responses they evoke.
Animals detect causality
One thing is a reason why something else happens.
Classical conditioning - less likely w/knowledge
Behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one.
Value of reinforcers - individual decides
Reponses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior being repeated.
Depression
Persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities.
Pessimism vs optimism & resiliency
Pessimism is a tendency to think negatively.
Optimism contributes to resilience and is key to how we adapt to stressful situations.
Insight & learning - result of trial & error
A sudden realization of a solution to a problem.
Observational learning - social learning
The process of learning by watching the behaviors of others.
Imitation
Children can learn through observation and later imitating the same behaviors with a combination of environment and cognitive processes.
Mirror Neurons
A distinctive class of neurons that discharge both when an individual executes a motor act and when he observes another individual performing the same or a similar motor act.
Vicarious learning example
Reading a book and hearing stories
