Chapter 6 6.1 Flashcards
Memory - Definition
The faculty of encoding, storing, and retrieving information.
Encoding
The process of putting information into a form that memory systems can accept and use.
Acoustic
Mental representations of stimuli as sound.
Visual
Mental representations of stimuli as pictures.
Semantic
Memory for generalized knowledge about the world.
Storage
The process of maintaining information in the memory system overtime.
Episodic
Memory for events in one’s own past.
Procedural
A type of long-term memory involved in the performance of different actions and skills.
Retrieval
The process of finding information stores in memory.
Recall/ recognition
Retrieving information stores in memory without much help from retrieval clues.
Types of memory
Explicit - Information retrieved through a conscious effort to remember something.
Episodic, Semantic
Implicit
The unintentional and unconscious influence of prior experiences on current behavior, thinking, or emotion.
Procedural
A technique in which the introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus.
Priming, Conditioning
The process by which certain kinds of experiences make particular actions more or less likely.
LOP - Maintenance
A memorized method that involves repeating information over and over to keep it in memory.
Elaborative rehearsal
A memorization method that relates new information to information already stored in memory.
TAP - Match processing, across learning & test
Another critical factor is the match between how we try to retrieve information and how we originally encoded it.
PDP - Neural networks
Memory models in which new experiences are seen as changing one’s overall knowledge base.
Multiple memory systems - separated brain controls
A model that suggests the existence of specialized and separated memory systems in the brain.
Information processing models - wrong but strong
A model that suggests that information must pass through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory in order to become firmly embedded in memory.
Sensory memory
A type of memory that is very brief but last long enough to connect one impression to the next.
Sensory registers
Memory systems that briefly hold incoming information
Iconic, echoic, more?
The sensory register for visual information.
Asking someone to repeat what they said, not paying attention.
Short-term memory
A stage of memory in which information normally lasts less than twenty seconds.
Working Memory
Memory that allows us to mentally work with or manipulate information being held in short-term memory.
Duration - Brown Paterson tasks
How long information stays in STM.
Chunking
Organizing individual stimuli so that they will be perceived as larger units of meaningful information.
Long-term memory
Unlimited capacity to store new information.
