Chapter 6 6.1

Question 1

Memory - Definition

Answer 1

The faculty of encoding, storing, and retrieving information.

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

The process of putting information into a form that memory systems can accept and use.

Question 3

Acoustic

Answer 3

Mental representations of stimuli as sound.

Question 4

Visual

Answer 4

Mental representations of stimuli as pictures.

Question 5

Semantic

Answer 5

Memory for generalized knowledge about the world.

Question 6

Storage

Answer 6

The process of maintaining information in the memory system overtime.

Question 7

Episodic

Answer 7

Memory for events in one’s own past.

Question 8

Procedural

Answer 8

A type of long-term memory involved in the performance of different actions and skills.

Question 9

Retrieval

Answer 9

The process of finding information stores in memory.

Question 10

Recall/ recognition

Answer 10

Retrieving information stores in memory without much help from retrieval clues.

Question 11

Types of memory

Answer 11

Explicit - Information retrieved through a conscious effort to remember something.

Episodic, Semantic

Question 12

Implicit

Answer 12

The unintentional and unconscious influence of prior experiences on current behavior, thinking, or emotion.

Question 13

Procedural

Answer 13

A technique in which the introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus.

Question 14

Priming, Conditioning

Answer 14

The process by which certain kinds of experiences make particular actions more or less likely.

Question 15

LOP - Maintenance

Answer 15

A memorized method that involves repeating information over and over to keep it in memory.

Question 16

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 16

A memorization method that relates new information to information already stored in memory.

Question 17

TAP - Match processing, across learning & test

Answer 17

Another critical factor is the match between how we try to retrieve information and how we originally encoded it.

Question 18

PDP - Neural networks

Answer 18

Memory models in which new experiences are seen as changing one’s overall knowledge base.

Question 19

Multiple memory systems - separated brain controls

Answer 19

A model that suggests the existence of specialized and separated memory systems in the brain.

Question 20

Information processing models - wrong but strong

Answer 20

A model that suggests that information must pass through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory in order to become firmly embedded in memory.

Question 21

Sensory memory

Answer 21

A type of memory that is very brief but last long enough to connect one impression to the next.

Question 22

Sensory registers

Answer 22

Memory systems that briefly hold incoming information

Question 23

Iconic, echoic, more?

Answer 23

The sensory register for visual information.

Asking someone to repeat what they said, not paying attention.

Question 24

Short-term memory

Answer 24

A stage of memory in which information normally lasts less than twenty seconds.

Question 25

Working Memory

Answer 25

Memory that allows us to mentally work with or manipulate information being held in short-term memory.

Question 26

Duration - Brown Paterson tasks

Answer 26

How long information stays in STM.

Question 27

Chunking

Answer 27

Organizing individual stimuli so that they will be perceived as larger units of meaningful information.

Question 28

Long-term memory

Answer 28

Unlimited capacity to store new information.