Chapter 1 1.1 Flashcards
psychology Definition
The science of studying behavior and mental processes
positive psychology
A field of research that focuses on people’s positive experiences/ characteristics. Examples: Happiness, optimism, and resilience.
cognitive psychology
Focuses on the analysis of mental processes. Examples: decision-making, problem-solving, imagining, and other aspects of human thought.
Engineering psychology
Scientists who study/ improve relationships between humans/ computers/ or any other technology we use.
Human Factors: Studying the interactions between human beings and computers
biological psychology
Who analyzes the biological factors influencing behavior/ mental processes
personality psychology
Psychologists who focus on people’s unique characteristics
developmental psychology
Psychologists who understand/ explore how behavior and mental processes change over the course of a lifetime.
quantitative psychology
Who develops statistical methods for evaluating and analyzing data from psychological research
clinical, counseling, community, and health psychology
Who assesses/ understands/ modifies/ and prevents behavior disorders.
Functions: helps prevent homeless people from poverty/ stressful conditions/ abnormal behavior
Master’: mental health counselor
Ph.D.: Clinical/ mental health counselor
school psychology
Test cognitive abilities/ diagnose students’ academic problems/ programs to help students.
educational psychology
Study methods by how teachers teach and students learn.
social psychology
Study how people influence one another’s behavior and attitudes, especially in groups.
I/O psychology
Who examine factors that influence people’s performance in the workplace.
other psychologists
Health, sports, forensic, and environmental
neuroscience
Helps with questions about cognitive behavior neural development.
Wundt (1879) Tichener
Structuralism - method of interpretation and analysis about differences in human cognition behavior culture.
consciousness - introspection Wundt
Observes someone’s own mental and emotional processes - awareness of mental activity.
Helmholtz & Fechner - Psychophsics
Relationship between stimuli sensations/ perceptions.
Gestalt - Wertheimer & Kohler
Phi phenomenon
When two things are happening, you only see one.
Example: two lights going on and off/ you see one light jumping back and forth.
Freud - psychoanalysis, unconscious conflicts
Questions if biological factors were behind all behavior/ mental processes. Deep-seed problems people have pushed out of consciousness.
William James
Functionalism - allows is to change/ settle into our environment.
John B. Watson
Behaviorism - studied both humans and animals and their behavior/ mental processes.
Psychology Today
Eclectic - you have to be everything.. whatever we need.
