Chapter 3: Neurobiology and Pharmacotherapy Flashcards
what leads to behaviors
feels
thinks
neurobiological imbalances
what does the biopsychoscial hypothesis say
biological
psychological (traits, coping)
environmental factors
lead to mental illness
dopamine
increased
schizophrenia
dopamine
decreased
ADHD
parkinsons
norepinephrine
decreased
depression
norepi
increase
mania
anxiety
schizophrenia
serotonin
decrease
depression
serotonin
anxiety
GABA
decrease
anxiety
schizophrenia
mania
huntingtons
GABA
increase
reduces anxiety
glutamate
decrease
psychosis
glutamate
increase
prolonged is neurotoxic and causes neurodegnerntation in alzhimers
cholinergics
decrease
alshiemers
huntigntons
parkinsons
cholinergic
increase
depression
pharmacodynamics
what do drugs do
pharmacokinetics
actions on the body
ADME
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
benzodiazepine
promote GABA
addictive
sedative
hypnotic
antiaxiety
also insomnia and withdrawl
z drugs
sedative effects with out anxiety, anticonvulsant, or muscle relaxants
quick onset
short half life
buspirone
relieves anxiety without sedation
no addition
not CNS depresant
TCAs
sedation
lethal overdose
anti slud
takes long time to work
norepinephrine/ norepinephrine and serotonin
ortho hypo
confusion
fatal arrhythmia
titrate down to prevent HA
weight changes
bipolar= hypomania or mania
MAOI
enzyme that destroys monoamines
avoid tyramine or hypertensive cirsis
weight gain
sexual dysfunction
photosensitivity
urine retention
decrease seizure threshold
increase suicide
urine retention
tyramine foods
age cheese
cured meats
smoked meats
pickled
fermented
soybean
asian cuisine sauces (soy, shrimp, fish, miso)
snow peas/fava beans
beer, wine, liquor
dried/overripe fruit
meat tenderizer
old spoiled foods
chocolate
what can occur with MAOI and SSRI
serotonin syndrome
serotonin syndrome
tachycardia
sweating
fever/hyperthermia *
shivering
tremor
muscle rigiidty
restlessness
SSRI
use beside depression
anxiety
OCD
bulimia
affect serotinin
Anti slud
N/H
menstruation pain
sexual dysfunction
weight gain/loss
take med in AM
4 weeks to work
SNRI
affect serotonin and norepinephrine
increase HR and BP
NaSSA
norepinephrine and serotonin
and histamine
sedation and weight gain
agranulocytosis
safe in overdose
increase lipids
decrease sexual dysfunction
also works in anxiety and insomnia
decrease sexual dysfunction
good for elderly *
- sedation and weight gain might be beneficial
NDRI
norepinephrine and dopamine
smoking cessation
no sexual dysfunction*
must taper or seizure risk
may cause appetite supression
SARI
serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhib
SARI
trazadone
priapism and sedating
Serotonin modulator and stimulator
atypical so works for major depression
improve cognition deficits in elderly
hyponatremia and hypomania
lithium
depression and mania (bipolar)
narrow therapeutic index (.8-1.4)
toxic (1.5)
what could cause a pt to get lithium toxiticyt
dehydration
NSAIDS
diuretics
BP meds
toxic effects of lithium acute
tremor
ataxia
confusuon
convulsions
N/V/D
stomach pains
seizures
coma
kidney failure
nystagmus
side effects of mood stabilizers
weight gain
somnolence
agranulocytosis
thrombocytopenia
hepatitis
Steven johnson
chronic lithium toxicity
tremor
slurred speech
increase reflex
suspisois of Li tox
blood levels
BUN
creatinine
antipsychotics
first gen
dopamine
acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine
typical
weight gain
sedation
increase prolactin
anti slud
increase EPS
positive symptoms
antipsychotics
2nd gen
dop and seroatinin
schizophrenia
atypical
decrease EPS
increase metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
positive and negative
