Chapter 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Flashcards
affect of schizophrenia
flat
associative looseness schizophrenia
illogical thinking
schizophrenia autism
thinking that’s not bound to reality
schizophrenia ambivalence
feeling you can’t make up your mind
hallmark sign of schizophrenia spectrum disorders
psychosis
psychosis is
- altered _________
- altered ___________
and/or
- impaired ability to determine what is or is not ________
cognition
perception
real
delusional disorder
false thoughts or beliefs
time frame for delusional disorder
1 month
delusional disorder delusion types
- grandiose
better than everyone
the best
delusional disorder delusion types
- persecutory
after them
delusional disorder delusion types
- somatic
physical
delusional disorder delusion types
- referential
specific
can be religion
keep going back to it
delusional disorder
are delusions severe enough to impair functioning
no
- do not harm self or others
- do not cause unable to meet basic needs
schizophreniform disorder
- difference between this and schizophrenia
time difference
this one last less than 6 months
schizophreniform disorder
- will impaired social/occupational functioning be apparent
may or may not
will schizophreniform disorder return to previous level of funcitoning
maybe
what should be ruled out before a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia is made
substance use and medical conditions
brief psychotic disorder time frame
last longer than 1 day but no longer than 1 month
will brief psychotic disorder return to normal functioning
it is expected
brief psychotic disorder
- sudden onset of
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech
disorganized or catatonic behavior
schizoaffective disorder
- effects what
thought and mood!!!!
schizoaffective disorder
- schizophrenia mixed with
major depressive disored
manic
mixed episode
cis characterized by
psychosis
when do schizophrenia start to present
15-25 years old
time frame for schizophrenia
longer than 6 months otherwise it is schizophreniform disorder
schizophrenia onset
gradual
comorbidity disorders in schizophrenia
POLYDIPSIA
substance us disorders
suicude
anxiety
depression
schizophrenia
- dopamine hypothesis
excess dopamine is responsible for psychotic symptoms
stages of schizophrenia
prodromal
acute
stabilization
maintenance
prodromal stage
onset
mild changes
beginning stages
can treat to prevent psychosis
acute stage
exacerbations of symptoms
delusions and hallucinations
changed distortions
can be slow or abrupt
actively psychotic
stabilization phase
symptom diminishing
get to baseline
education
maintence or residual
new baseline is established
similar to symptoms experienced during prodromal
positive symptoms examples
deusions
hallucinations
negative symptoms examples
autism
affective flattening
avolition
social withdrawn
alogia
positive symptoms definition
presence of symptoms that should not be present
negative symptoms definition
absence of qualities that should be present
cognitive symptoms definition
subtle or obvious impairment in memory, attention, thinking, and impaired executive functioning
affective symptoms
symptoms involving emotions and their expression
positive symptoms are associated with
acute onset
word salad
jumble of words meaningless to a listener
clang association
words chosen based on sound
neologisms
meaning for the patient only
echolalia
pathological repetition of another words
associative looseness
loosely associated, haphazard, illogical, confused speech that can sometimes be decoded
circumstantiality
including unnecessary and often tedium details in conversation but eventually reaching the point
tangentiality
wandering off topic or going off on tangents and never reaching the point
cognitive retardation
generalized slowing of thinking, which is represented by delays in responding to questions or difficulty finishing thoughts
pressured speech
urgent or intense and resists comments from others
flight of idea
moving rapidly from one though to the next, often making it difficult for others to follow
symbolic speech
using symbols instead of direct communication
thought blocking
reduction or stoppage of thought, interruption of thought by hallucinations can cause this
thought insertion
the uncomfortable belief that someone else has inserted thoughts into their brains
thought deletion
a belief that thoughts have been taken or are missing
magical thinking
believing that thoughts or actions affect others consequences
paranoia
irrational fear, ranging from mild to profound
hallucination types
auditory: hearing
visual: seeing
olfactory: smelling
gustatory: taste
tactile: feeling
command: hallucinations are commanding person to do something
illusions
misperceptions or misinterpretations or a real experience
depersonalization
feeling of being unreal or having lost identity
body parts do not belong or the body has drastically changed
derealization
false perception that the environment has changed
catatonia
increase or decrease in rate and amount of movement
waxy flexibility
excessive maintence of stupor- remaining motionless and unresponsive
extreme motor agitation
running about in response to inner or outer stimuli
stereotyped behaviors
motor patterns that have become mechanical and purposeless
active negativism
involves the patient doing the opposite of what is suggested
passive negativism
involves not doing the things one is expected to do, such as getting out of bed, eating, and so forth
agitated behavior
related to difficulty with impulse control, because of cognitive deterioration, patients lack social sensitivity and may act out impulsively
echopraxia
mimicking of movements of another
gesturing or posturing
assuming unusual and illogical expressions, posture, or positions
boundary impairment
an impaired ability to sense where ones body or influence ends and another begins
alterations in speech
associative looseness
neologisms
clang associations
world salad
echolalia
circumstantiality
tangentiality
cognitive retardation
pressured speech
flight of ideas
symbolic speech
disorders or distortions of thought
thought blocking
thought insertion
thought deletion
magical thinking
paranoia
alterations in perception
hallucinations
illusions
depersonalization
derealization
alterations in behavior
Catalonia
waxy flexibility
motor retardation
motor agitation
stereotyped behaviors
echopraxia
negativism
impaired impulse control
gesturing or posturing
boundary impairment
negative symptoms
a words
anhedonia
reduced ability or inability to experience pleasure in everyday life
avolition
loss of motivation, difficulty beginning and sustaining goal directed activities
asociality
decreased desired for, or comfort during, social interaction
affective blunting
reduced or constricted
apathy
decreased interest in, or attention to, activities or beliefs that would otherwise be interesting or important
alogia
reduction in speech, poverty of speech
affect
outward expression of a persons internal emotional state
- flat, blunted, constricted, inappropriate, bizarre
flat affect
immobile or blank facial expression
blunted affect
reduced or minimal emotional response
constricted affect
reduced in range go intensity
inappropriate affect
incongruent with the actual emotional state or situation
bizarre affect
odd, illogical, inappropriate, or unfounded, includes grimacing
cognitive symptoms
concrete thinking
impaired memory
impaired information processing
impaired executive functioning
anosognosia
concrete thinking
impaired ability to think abstractly, resulting in interepreting or preceving thongs in a literal manner
difficult responding to things like love or humor
impaired memory
impacts short term memory and ability to learn
impaired information processing
delayed responses, misperceptions, or difficulty understanding others, may lose the ability to screen out insignificant stimuli
anosognosia
do not realize they are ill
it is important to assess for what other issue
depression
what are some medical problems that mimic psychosis
delirium
hyperglycemia
hypoglycemia
substance use
priority is
safety
external factors that impact schizophrenia
living arrangement
economic
social supports
relationships
internal factors that impact schizophrenia
resilience
coping skills
regularly assess for
safety
how should you respond to delusions
empathy
clarify misinterpretations
how should you respond to associative looseness
mirror patient thoughts
don’t pretend to understand when you cant
meds used for schizophrenia
antipsychotics (1 and 2 gen)
