Chapter 23: Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

delirium onset

A

abrupt

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2
Q

delirium
- periods of ________

A

lucidity

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3
Q

is delirium a medical emergency

A

yes
- because it is from medical/physical cause

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4
Q

can a patient have delirium if it is a gradual onset

A

no, delirium is abrupt onset

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5
Q

four cardinal features of delirium

A

acute onset and fluctuating course
reduced ability to direct, focus, shift, and sustain attention
disorganized thinking
disturbance of consciousness

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6
Q

with delirium patients it is important to assess potential

A

injury
- safety

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7
Q

CAM

A

confusion assessment method

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8
Q

CAM categories

A

actue onset and fluctuating course
inattention
disorganized thinking
altered level of consiousness

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9
Q

some causes of delirium

A

infections
withdrawl
acute causes
toxins/drugs
CNS pathology
hypoxia
deficiencies (b12)
endocrone
acute vascular shock
trauma
heavy metals

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10
Q

some meds we can use for delirium agitation

A

haloperidol
olazapine
quetiapine
risperadone
lorazepam

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11
Q

what are some non pharm meds for agitation in delirium

A

washcloths
cards
distracting stuff

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12
Q

when dosing a older adult, how should we do this

A

low dose

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13
Q

what should we take into account when selecting a med for older adult

A

how sedating, EPS, hypotension, respiratory depression

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14
Q

older adult: paradoxical reaction

A

opposite reaction

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15
Q

for delirium is there a loss of consiousness

A

no

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16
Q

mild vs major neurocognitive disorders

A

mild: does not interfere with ADLs, does not necessarily progress
major: interferes with daily functioning and indepence

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17
Q

cognitive domains(6)

A

attention, executive function, learning/memory, language, motor, cognition

18
Q

common major neurocognitive disorder

A

alzheimers disease

19
Q

is all forgetfulness alzheimers

A

no, sometimes people can just have small forgetfullness

20
Q

AD progression

A

mild
moderate
severe

21
Q

AD has disturbances in executive function, what does that mean

A

set of mental skills than include working memory, flexible thinking, self control

22
Q

trouble with flexible thinking

A

make it hard t focus
follow directions
handle emotions

23
Q

aphasia

A

loss of language

24
Q

apraxia

A

loss of purposeful movemt

25
agnosia
loss of sensory ability to recognize objects
26
who is most likely to develop AD
late onset females
27
common defense mechanisms seen in AD
denial confabulaiton perseveration avoidance
28
confabulation
creation of stories in place of missing memories to maintain self esteem (because they cannot remember)
29
perseveration
repetition of phrases or behavior
30
apraphia
diminished ability to read or write
31
hyperorality
tendency to put everything in mouth
32
sundowning/sundown syndrome
tendency formed to drop and agitation to rise as light of day diminishes
33
these patients are at risk for
wandering injury
34
PACE flint
program for all inclusive care of the elderly
35
are meds we can use for AD curative
no, just supportive
36
medications for cognitive symptoms
cholinesterase inhibitors rivastigmine transdermal n-methyl-D-aspart (NMDA) receptor antagonist
37
what meds can we use for behavioral symptoms
antipsych with EXTREME caution
38
donepezil which is used for what stages
all including severe
39
what is a preventative drug
omega 3 fatty acid
40