chapter 16 therapy recognition Flashcards
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
psychotherapy
prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology.
biomedical therapy
an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
eclectic approach
Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences – and the therapist’s interpretation of them – released previously repressed feelings. Allowing the patient to grain self-insight.
psychoanalysis
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).
transference
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight.
psychodynamic therapy
a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
insight therapies
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses technique such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)
Client-centered therapy
emphatic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.
active listening
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.
unconditional positive regard
therapy that apples learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
behavior therapy
a behavior therapy procedure uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning..
counterconditioning
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear or avoid.
exposure therapies
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
systematic desensitization
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
Virtual reality exposure therapy
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
aversive conditioning
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
token economy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
cognitive therapy
a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions.
Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction.
group therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members.
family therapy
the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average
regression toward the mean
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
Meta-analysis
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
Evidence-based practice
a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem.
therapeutic alliance
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
psychopharmacology
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe disorder.
antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
antianxiety drugs
drugs used to treat depression and some anxiety disorders. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters.
antidepressant drugs
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
psychosurgery
a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotion or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
lobotomy
the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.
resilience
