chapter 11 Motivation and Work recognition

Question 1

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Answer 1

Drive-reduction theory

Question 2

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates.

Answer 3

incentive

Question 4

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Answer 4

hierarchy of needs

Question 5

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

Answer 5

glucose

Question 6

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Answer 6

Set point

Question 7

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.

Answer 7

basal metabolic rate

Question 8

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Answer 8

sexual response cycle

Question 9

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.

Answer 9

refractory period

Question 10

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Answer 10

sexual disorder

Question 11

sex hormones, such as estradriol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting.

Answer 11

estrogens

Question 12

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Answer 12

testosterone

Question 13

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).

Answer 13

sexual orientation

Question 14

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills.

Answer 14

flow

Question 15

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Answer 15

Industrial-organization (I/O) psychology

Question 16

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.

Answer 16

personnel psychology

Question 17

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.

Answer 17

organizational psychology

Question 18

a subfield of I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

Answer 18

human factors psychology

Question 19

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rate on established scales.

Answer 19

structured interviews

Question 20

a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.

Answer 20

achievement motivation

Question 21

Goal-oriented leader that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.

Answer 21

task leadership

Question 22

Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflicts, and offers supports.

Answer 22

social leadership