Chapter 10 Intelligence recognition Flashcards
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Intelligence
A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
Intelligence test
A general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
General intelligence (g)
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.
Factor analysis
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
Savant syndrome
the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
creativity
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
emotional intelligence
a measure of intelligence test performed devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.
mental age
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.
Stanford-Binet
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ=ma/ca x 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
a test designed to assess what a person has learned.
achievement test
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
aptitude test
the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
Standardization
the symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
normal curve
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting.
reliability
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what is supposed to.
validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.
content validity
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and
predictive validity
a group of people from a given time period
cohort
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
crystallized intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.
fluid intelligence
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. (Formerly referred to as mental retardation.)
intellectual disability
a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
down syndrome
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on that range of populations and environments studied.
heritability
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
stereotype threat
