chapter 0 Prologue recognition

Question 1

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Answer 1

Behaviorism

Question 2

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

Answer 2

humanistic psychology

Question 3

the inter-disciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Answer 3

cognitive neuroscience

Question 4

the science of behavior and mental processes

Answer 4

psychology

Question 5

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Answer 5

Nature-nurture issue

Question 6

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Answer 6

natural selection

Question 7

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Answer 7

levels of analysis

Question 8

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Answer 8

biopsychosocial approach

Question 9

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Answer 9

basic research

Question 10

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Answer 10

applied research

Question 11

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

Answer 11

counseling psychology

Question 12

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Answer 12

clinical psychology

Question 13

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

Answer 13

psychiatry

Question 14

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

Answer 14

positive psychology

Question 15

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Answer 15

community psychology

Question 16

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning.

Answer 16

testing effect

Question 17

a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, Read, Retrieve, Review.

Answer 17

SQ3R