chapter 15 psychological disorders recognition Flashcards
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
psychological disorder
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disordered, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.
medical model
the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an update “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
DSM-IV-TR
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
anxiety disorders
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
phobia
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jump anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.
Post-traumatic growth
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.
mood disorder
a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms.
major depressive disorder
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
mania
a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopeless and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)
bipolar disorder