chapter 15 psychological disorders recognition Flashcards

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1
Q

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive.

A

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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2
Q

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

A

psychological disorder

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3
Q

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disordered, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

A

medical model

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4
Q

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an update “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

A

DSM-IV-TR

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5
Q

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

A

anxiety disorders

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6
Q

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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7
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

A

panic disorder

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8
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

A

phobia

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9
Q

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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10
Q

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jump anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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11
Q

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

A

Post-traumatic growth

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12
Q

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

A

mood disorder

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13
Q

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms.

A

major depressive disorder

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14
Q

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

A

mania

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15
Q

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopeless and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

A

bipolar disorder

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16
Q

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors.

A

schizophrenia

17
Q

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

A

psychosis

18
Q

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

A

delusions

19
Q

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

A

dissociative disorders

20
Q

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

A

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

21
Q

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintain a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight.

A

anorexia nervosa

22
Q

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), or by fasting

A

bulimia nervosa

23
Q

significant binge-eat episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting, that marks bulimia nervosa.

A

Binge-eating disorder

24
Q

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

A

personality disorders

25
Q

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

A

antisocial personality disorder