chapter 12 emotions stress and health recall

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

a response of the whole, involving (1) physiological, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

Question 2

James-Lange theory

Answer 2

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

Question 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 3

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Question 4

Two-factor theory

Answer 4

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

Question 5

facial feedback effect

Answer 5

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.

Question 6

catharsis

Answer 6

emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Question 7

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 7

people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

Question 8

subjective well-being

Answer 8

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

Question 9

Adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 9

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds of light, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

Question 10

relative deprivation

Answer 10

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.

Question 11

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 11

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three-alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Question 12

tend and befriend

Answer 12

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend).

Question 13

psychophysiological illness

Answer 13

literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

Question 14

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 14

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

Question 15

lymphocytes

Answer 15

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign.

Question 16

coronary heart disease

Answer 16

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries.

Question 17

Type A

Answer 17

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.

Question 18

Type B

Answer 18

Friedman and Rosenman’s term of easygoing, relaxed people.

Question 19

aerobic exercise

Answer 19

sustain exercise that increase heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety.

Question 20

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Answer 20

as yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement (complement) or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools, used in hospitals, or reimbursed by insurance companies. When research shows a therapy to safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice.