chapter 0 Prologue recall

Question 1

Behaviorism

Answer 1

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Question 2

humanistic psychology

Answer 2

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

Question 3

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 3

the inter-disciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 4

psychology

Answer 4

the science of behavior and mental processes

Question 5

Nature-nurture issue

Answer 5

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 7

levels of analysis

Answer 7

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Question 8

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 8

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Question 9

basic research

Answer 9

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 10

applied research

Answer 10

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 11

counseling psychology

Answer 11

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

Question 12

clinical psychology

Answer 12

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Question 13

psychiatry

Answer 13

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

Question 14

positive psychology

Answer 14

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

Question 15

community psychology

Answer 15

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Question 16

testing effect

Answer 16

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning.

Question 17

SQ3R

Answer 17

a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, Read, Retrieve, Review.