chapter 1 lesson 2

Question 1

A series of wars launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. Also called holy wars.

Answer 1

The Crusades

Question 2

How did the Crusades impact exploration?

Answer 2

It helped Europeans to look elsewhere for trade.

Question 3

What were the three advances made in exploration?

Answer 3

astrolabe - earliest compass that allowed people to navigate better
lateen sails - designed to catch wind in every direction
caravel - ship that could move faster and was easier to steer

Question 4

Who was the first European country to search Asia?

Answer 4

Portugal

Question 5

This person was a Portuguese explorer that is credited for reaching the southern tip of Africa.

Answer 5

Bartholomeu Dias

Question 6

This person was a Portuguese prince that opened a school to train men to explore. He taught important figures like Columbus, Magellan, Bartholomeu, and da Gama.

Answer 6

Henry the Navigator

Question 7

This person was a Portuguese explorer that is credited for rounding Africa and reaching the coast of India

Answer 7

Vasco da Gama

Question 8

How did the three great empires in West Africa gain wealth and power?

Answer 8

by controlling gold and salt

Question 9

This person created maps that used a basic system of latitude and longitude, and made the Earth seem much smaller than it actually was.

Answer 9

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 10

This person was an Italian navigator who received money from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to explore. They used Ptolemy’s maps, which made them miscalculate distance and ended up in the Bahamas, which he thought was India. They are also credited for discovering Hispaniola and Cuba.

Answer 10

Christopher Columbus

Question 11

This was an imaginary north-to-south line drawn by Pope Alexander VI in 1493. It granted Spain control of everything west of the line, granted Portugal everything east of the line, and prevented war between the two parties.

Answer 11

Line of Demarcation

Question 12

This person is credited for naming and mapping the Americas.

Answer 12

Amerigo Vespucci

Question 13

Since the Pope could only make a certain drawn line a suggestion, both Spain and Portugal needed to agree on it. This makes the said line official.

Answer 13

Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 14

This Spanish explorer is credited for discovering Florida whilst searching for a fountain of youth.

Answer 14

Juan Ponce de Leon

Question 15

This Spanish explorer became the first European to reach the Pacific coast.

Answer 15

Vasco de Balboa

Question 16

This Portuguese explorer discovered the strait at the tip of South America. Their crew became the first to circumnavigate the globe, but not without throwing said person overboard during the process.

Answer 16

Ferdinand Magellan

Question 17

This Spanish conquistador is dubbed the title, “the conquistador of Mexico.” He conquered the Aztecs, murdered natives, created Mexico with a capital known as New Spain, and sent other conquistadors to conquer other region.

Answer 17

Hernan Cortes

Question 18

This person is a Spanish conquistador who is credited for conquering Cuba.

Answer 18

Diego Velazquez

Question 19

This Spanish conquistador is credited for landing in Peru and conquering the Incas.

Answer 19

Francisco Pizarro

Question 20

This Spanish conquistador wandered through the southwestern area of the US whilst searching for a nonexistent Cibola (city of gold).

Answer 20

Francisco de Coronado

Question 21

This Spanish conquistador explored the southeastern area of the US, including Alabama. They were killed by Chief Tuscaloosa.

Answer 21

Hernando de Soto

Question 22

These were Spanish built forts meant to protect settlers and serve as trading posts. Missions to convert Natives were built here.

Answer 22

Presidos

Question 23

This was a practice of Cortes that gave each man that defeated the Aztec control over some towns. Each deserving man was given a control over a group of Native villages, and villagers were forced to pay shares of their harvest or products.

Answer 23

The Encomienda System

Question 24

A society that had birth, income, and education determine a person’s position.

Answer 24

Spanish Society Social Ladder

Question 25

Spanish-born citizens who came to Latin America. Top ranked class in the Spanish society social ladder that often had rulers come from here.

Answer 25

Peninsulares

Question 26

People born in Latin American colonies with European parents. Second highest ranked class in the Spanish society social ladder.

Answer 26

Criollos

Question 27

people of Native American and Spanish descent. Second lowest ranked class in the Spanish society social ladder.

Answer 27

Mestizos

Question 28

lowest ranked class in the Spanish society social ladder

Answer 28

Minorities (Natives, Africans, etc.)

Question 29

What is the oldest permanent city in the US?

Answer 29

St. Augustine, FL (1565)

Question 30

This person was an Italian explorer of North America that is credited for mapping the coastline from present-day North Carolina to Newfoundland. They practically discovered Canada.

Answer 30

Giovanni Verrazano

Question 31

This French explorer is credited for discovering the St. Lawrence River.

Answer 31

Jacques Cartier

Question 32

What incentives were offered by King Louis XIV to increase population?

Answer 32

Royal gifts were given to women married under 16 and men under 20 (gross). Financial bonuses were gifted to parents who had >10 kids.

Question 33

What penalty was instituted by King Louis XIV against fathers?

Answer 33

Fathers were fined if their kids weren’t married early.

Question 34

This French explorer was credited for establishing a French colony in Acadia, which is modern day Nova Scotia. They also founded Quebec in 1608.

Answer 34

Samuel de Champlain

Question 35

This French explorer is credited for being the first European to follow the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. They claimed the land they found for France and called it Louisiana. The area was important for fishing.

Answer 35

Robert La Salle