chapter 1 lesson 2 Flashcards
A series of wars launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. Also called holy wars.
The Crusades
How did the Crusades impact exploration?
It helped Europeans to look elsewhere for trade.
What were the three advances made in exploration?
astrolabe - earliest compass that allowed people to navigate better
lateen sails - designed to catch wind in every direction
caravel - ship that could move faster and was easier to steer
Who was the first European country to search Asia?
Portugal
This person was a Portuguese explorer that is credited for reaching the southern tip of Africa.
Bartholomeu Dias
This person was a Portuguese prince that opened a school to train men to explore. He taught important figures like Columbus, Magellan, Bartholomeu, and da Gama.
Henry the Navigator
This person was a Portuguese explorer that is credited for rounding Africa and reaching the coast of India
Vasco da Gama
How did the three great empires in West Africa gain wealth and power?
by controlling gold and salt
This person created maps that used a basic system of latitude and longitude, and made the Earth seem much smaller than it actually was.
Claudius Ptolemy
This person was an Italian navigator who received money from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to explore. They used Ptolemy’s maps, which made them miscalculate distance and ended up in the Bahamas, which he thought was India. They are also credited for discovering Hispaniola and Cuba.
Christopher Columbus
This was an imaginary north-to-south line drawn by Pope Alexander VI in 1493. It granted Spain control of everything west of the line, granted Portugal everything east of the line, and prevented war between the two parties.
Line of Demarcation
This person is credited for naming and mapping the Americas.
Amerigo Vespucci
Since the Pope could only make a certain drawn line a suggestion, both Spain and Portugal needed to agree on it. This makes the said line official.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This Spanish explorer is credited for discovering Florida whilst searching for a fountain of youth.
Juan Ponce de Leon
This Spanish explorer became the first European to reach the Pacific coast.
Vasco de Balboa
This Portuguese explorer discovered the strait at the tip of South America. Their crew became the first to circumnavigate the globe, but not without throwing said person overboard during the process.
Ferdinand Magellan
This Spanish conquistador is dubbed the title, “the conquistador of Mexico.” He conquered the Aztecs, murdered natives, created Mexico with a capital known as New Spain, and sent other conquistadors to conquer other region.
Hernan Cortes
This person is a Spanish conquistador who is credited for conquering Cuba.
Diego Velazquez
This Spanish conquistador is credited for landing in Peru and conquering the Incas.
Francisco Pizarro
This Spanish conquistador wandered through the southwestern area of the US whilst searching for a nonexistent Cibola (city of gold).
Francisco de Coronado
This Spanish conquistador explored the southeastern area of the US, including Alabama. They were killed by Chief Tuscaloosa.
Hernando de Soto
These were Spanish built forts meant to protect settlers and serve as trading posts. Missions to convert Natives were built here.
Presidos
This was a practice of Cortes that gave each man that defeated the Aztec control over some towns. Each deserving man was given a control over a group of Native villages, and villagers were forced to pay shares of their harvest or products.
The Encomienda System
A society that had birth, income, and education determine a person’s position.
Spanish Society Social Ladder
Spanish-born citizens who came to Latin America. Top ranked class in the Spanish society social ladder that often had rulers come from here.
Peninsulares
People born in Latin American colonies with European parents. Second highest ranked class in the Spanish society social ladder.
Criollos
people of Native American and Spanish descent. Second lowest ranked class in the Spanish society social ladder.
Mestizos
lowest ranked class in the Spanish society social ladder
Minorities (Natives, Africans, etc.)
What is the oldest permanent city in the US?
St. Augustine, FL (1565)
This person was an Italian explorer of North America that is credited for mapping the coastline from present-day North Carolina to Newfoundland. They practically discovered Canada.
Giovanni Verrazano
This French explorer is credited for discovering the St. Lawrence River.
Jacques Cartier
What incentives were offered by King Louis XIV to increase population?
Royal gifts were given to women married under 16 and men under 20 (gross). Financial bonuses were gifted to parents who had >10 kids.
What penalty was instituted by King Louis XIV against fathers?
Fathers were fined if their kids weren’t married early.
This French explorer was credited for establishing a French colony in Acadia, which is modern day Nova Scotia. They also founded Quebec in 1608.
Samuel de Champlain
This French explorer is credited for being the first European to follow the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. They claimed the land they found for France and called it Louisiana. The area was important for fishing.
Robert La Salle
