Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Baby Bio > Chap 30 Animal Reproduction and Development > Flashcards

Chap 30 Animal Reproduction and Development Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animal development begins with what?

A

reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the shared features of all multicellular life?

A

reproduction and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are sex cell that meet in fertilization?

A

gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The what of a sperm enters an egg a fuzes with what of an egg?

A

haploid nucleus of sperm

haploid nucleus of egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are male gonads?

A

the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many testes do males have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the sac that holds the testes?

A

the scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why are the testes located outside the abdominal cavity?

A

to allow for temperature regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does sperm development (spermatogenesis) begin?

A

at puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are male germ cells formed?

A

in the developing fetus (they stay inactive inside the testes until puberty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does spermatogenesis occur?

A

begins at puberty and continues constantly throughout adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sperm are adapted for what?

A

swimming and fertilizing eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does each mature sperm cell contain?

A

haploid nucleus
long flagellum
mitochondria
caplike acrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the caplike acrosome do on a sperm cell?

A

helps it penetrate the egg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What influences male reproductive function?

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are female gonads?

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many ovaries in a female?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

inside the body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Each ovary is surrounded by finger like extensions of a what leading to where?

A

uterine tube

uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Egg development (oogenesis) is similar to what?

A

spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Secondary oocytes do what?

A

rupture the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meiosis I produces two haploid cells what are they?

A

large secondary oocyte

polar body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The secondary oocyte is from the ovary to the uterine tube, what is this process called?

A

ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The polar body contains almost no what?

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What influences female reproductive function?

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hormonal fluctuations produce two what?

A

interrelated cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the two interrelated cycles?

A

ovarian cycle

menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The ovarian cycle is regulated by what hormones?

A

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

LH (luteinizing hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The menstrual cycle is regulated by what hormones?

A

estrogen

progesterone

30
Q

What stops the cycle?

A

a zygote

31
Q

If pregnancy occurs the zygote divides in the uterine tubes and develops into a what?

A

blastocyst

32
Q

Where does the blastocyst go?

A

it implants itself in the thickened endometrium

33
Q

What does the blastocyst do?

A

secretes human chorionic gonadotropin

34
Q

What does human chorionic gonadotropin do?

A

prevents regression of the corpus luteum

35
Q

What keeps the endometrium intact?

A

continues progesterone production

36
Q

When can conception occur?

A

as soon as an ovary releases an egg

37
Q

How long can sperm survive inside the female reproductive tract?

A

a few days

38
Q

Can ovaries release multiple eggs at different times?

A

yes

39
Q

When does the fertile period begin?

A

five days before ovulations

40
Q

How long does the fertile period last?

A

3-4 days after ovulations

41
Q

Hormone contraception does what?

A

prevents reproduction

42
Q

What are the types of hormonal contraceptives?

A 
pills
patched
vaginal rings
injections
implants
43
Q

How do hormonal contraceptives work?

A

they contain synthetic forms of progesterone and therefore prevents ovulation

44
Q

What are the most effective methods of contraception?

A

surgery

intrauterine devices

45
Q

What can be transmitted during sex?

A

diseases

46
Q

Contraception is not generally intended to prevent what?

A

STDs

47
Q

The spread of STDs can be prevented or decreased with what?

A

use of latex condoms

only one sexual partner

vaccinations (only for some)

abstinence

48
Q

When does the zygote divide for the first time?

A

24 hours after fertilization

49
Q

When the zygote fist divides is begins a period of rapid mitotic cell division called what?

A

cleavage

50
Q

What happens around day 7 after fertilization?

A

the blastocyst (or pre-embryo at this time) becomes embedded in the endometrium

51
Q

Where does the blastocyst obtains nutrients?

A

the uterine lining

52
Q

What begins after implantation?

A

the embryonic

53
Q

When does the embryonic stage start?

A

3 weeks

54
Q

In the embryonic stage the embryo produces what?

A

structures that support its development

55
Q

What are the strictures formed by the embryo?

A

chorionic villi

amniotic cavity

56
Q

What does the chorionic villi do?

A

projects into the uterine lining and exchange nutrients with maternal blood

57
Q

What does the amniotic cavity have/do?

A

fluid that cushions the embryo and maintains constant temperature and pressure

58
Q

The chorionic villi will eventually develop into what?

A

the placenta

59
Q

During what stage does organ formation occur?

A

embryonic stage

60
Q

When do sex differneces become apparent

A

between 7-9 weeks after fertilization

61
Q

When does the fetal stage begin?

A

at week 9

62
Q

What happens in the fetal stage?

A

organs become functional

bones replace cartilage

nerves and muscles begin to coordinate actions

63
Q

What matures near the end of pregnancy?

A

the digestive and respiratory systems

neural connections from in the brain

64
Q

When does birth occur?

A

around 38 weeks

65
Q

What are the 3 steps of childbirth

A

labor
delivery
uterus expels the placenta

66
Q

What happens in labor?

A

the amniotic sac breaks

hormones prompt uterine muscle contractions

the baby’s head presses against and opens the cervix

67
Q

What happens in delivery?

A

the baby descends through the vagina

68
Q

How long do humans develop before birth?

A

9 months

69
Q

A fetus born before when is not viable?

A

22 week (after this time the chance of survival increases)

70
Q

When is birth considered premature?

A

if it occurs before 35 weeks (about 8 months) of gestation

Baby Bio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions