Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Baby Bio > Chap 24 The Nervous System and the Senses > Flashcards

Chap 24 The Nervous System and the Senses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The vertebrate nervous system is complex?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The nervous system forms what?

A

a rapid communication network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is fundamental to the function of the animal nervous system?

A

rapid communication between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What travels so fast the effects seem almost instantaneous in the nervous system?

A

electrochemical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functional units of the nervous system?

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do neurons communicate with?

A

muscles, glands, and other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All neurons have the same basic parts, what are they?

A

cell body
dendrites
axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The nervous system is made up of how many classes of neurons?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three classes of neurons based on?

A

their function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the different functions of neurons?

A

sensory
inter
motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Each neuron in this network sends a message to the next via what?

A

action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a neural impulse?

A

a series of action potentials that spread along the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What functions are in the peripheral nervous system?

A

sensory input

motor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What functions are in the central nervous system?

A

sensory integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neurons use ions to maintain what?

A

a resting membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chemically what do neurons work to do?

A

keep K+ concentration higher inside the cell than outside

keep the Na+ concentration higher outside the cell than inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stimulation of neurons does what?

A

opens Na+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The more stimulation the more…?

A

channels open and for a longer time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Na+ ions enter the cells and collect where doing what?

A

near the membrane

reverse the charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The charge inside the neuron is switched from what to what?

A

negative to positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Na+ ions accumulate to start…?

A

an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens once the action potential begins?

A

more Na+ channels open, allowing more Na+ ions into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to the charge on the membrane during an action potential?

A

now has a positive charge on the inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do K+ ions do?

A

reestablish resting potential within milliseconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chemically speaking what does the K+ ion do?

A

diffuses out of the cell as the Na+ channels close, returning the membrane to its resting potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

After the action potential and during the resting potential what is the charge on the membrane?

A

the inside of the axon is negative relative to the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Neurons pass …

A

the message along

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do neurons form a communication network?

A

by passing information to other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In what two ways is the formation of the communication network formed?

A

electrical impulses

chemical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Neurotransmitters do what?

A

pass the message from cell to cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Do neurons directly touch?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Instead of touching what do neurons form?

A

a structure called a synapse where chemical signals (neurotransmitters) are released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a synapse?

A

a specialized junction between a neuron and another cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the synapse include?

A

a sending neuron
a synaptic cleft
a receiving cell

36
Q

What is the sending neuron?

A

a neuron that releases neurotransmitters

37
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

area between neuron membrane and the membrane of the other cell

38
Q

What is the receiving cell?

A

could be a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell

39
Q

What do action potentials cause?

A

neurotransmitter release

40
Q

Neurotransmitters are released where?

A

into the synaptic cleft as vesicles in the sending neuron and fuse with the cell membrane

41
Q

The neurotransmitters move across the cleft and do what?

A

bind to receptor proteins on the receiving cell

42
Q

What is the equation for reaction time/how fast nerve impulses are?

A

rxn time = sqrt(2*distance/980)

43
Q

What are the knowns in the rxn time equation?

A

gravitational acceleration: 980 cm/s2

distance

44
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists mainly of what?

A

nerves

45
Q

What are nerves?

A

bundles of axons encased in connective tissue

46
Q

In most nerves, the sensory and motor nerve fibers are…?

A

bundled together into a single cable

47
Q

What do sensory nerves do?

A

bring sensory info to the brain

48
Q

What do motor nerves do?

A

carry instructions for muscle and glands

49
Q

What is the central nervous system made of?

A

brains and spinal cord

50
Q

What two types of nervous tissue make up the central nervous system?

A

gray matter

white matter

51
Q

What is gray matter?

A

neuron cell bodies and dendrites, along with their synapses.

this is where information processing occurs

52
Q

What is white matter?

A

myelinated axons that transmit information throughout the central nervous system

53
Q

What is in the hindbrain?

A

medulla oblongata
pons
cerebellum

54
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do?

A

regulates essential physiological processes such as blood pressure, heartbeat, and breathing

55
Q

What does the pons do?

A

connects forebrain with medulla and cerebellum

56
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

controls posture and balance; coordinated subconscious muscular movements

57
Q

What does the midbrain do?

A

relays information about voluntary movements from forebrain to spinal cord

58
Q

What is in the forebrain?

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
cerebrum

59
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

processes information and relays it to the cerebrum

60
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

homeostatic control of most organs

61
Q

What is in the cerebrum?

A 
white matter
grey matter (cerebral cortex)
62
Q

What does white matter do in the cerebrum?

A

transmits information within the brain

63
Q

What does gray matter do in the cerebrum?

A

sensory, motor, and association areas

64
Q

What are the three main structures of the brain?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

65
Q

The senses do what?

A

connect the nervous system to the outside world

66
Q

What are the two types of senses?

A

General senses

Special senses

67
Q

What are general senses?

A

all over the body (e.g. touch, temperature, pain)

68
Q

What are special senses?

A

restricted to the head (e.g. hearing and equilibrium, vision, smell, taste)

69
Q

Sense organs have what?

A

sensory receptor cells that respond the stimuli

70
Q

Sensory receptor cells contain what?

A

a variety of different sensory receptor proteins

71
Q

Receptors in the skin detect what?

A

general senses

72
Q

What do the general senses detect?

A

touch
temperature
pain
(each of these senses uses its own type of receptors)

73
Q

Sensing smell and taste is what?

A

detecting chemicals

74
Q

What responds to molecules dissolved in a water solution, such as saliva or the moist lining of the nasal passage?

A

chemoreceptors

75
Q

What are chemoreceptors located?

A

in the nose and tongue

76
Q

Where does the sense of taste begin?

A

in the taste buds

77
Q

What do we use taste buds for?

A

to detect molecules at close range when we put them in our mouth

78
Q

What are taste buds?

A

organs in our tongues

79
Q

The tongues surface is covered in what?

A

bumps called papillae

80
Q

What are inside the papillae?

A

the taste buds

81
Q

Vision depends on what?

A

light-sensitive cells

82
Q

The sense of vision detects what?

A

light

83
Q

What happens in vision?

A

specialized cells in the eye send signals to the brain, which interprets those signals as an image

84
Q

Where do hearing begin?

A

in the ears

85
Q

What happens in hearing?

A

vibrations in the air are funneled through the auditory canal toward the eardrum.

eardrum vibrations, in turn, vibrate three small middle ear bones?

86
Q

What are the three small middle ear bones?

A

hammer
anvil
stirrup

Baby Bio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions