Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Baby Bio > Chap 16 Evolution and Diversity of Plants > Flashcards

Chap 16 Evolution and Diversity of Plants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of a plant?

A

eukaryotic
autotrophic
multicellular
cells have chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four phyla in kingdom plantae?

A

bryophytes
seedless vascular plants
gymnosperms
angiosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What molecular features are shared between green algae and plants

A

DNA sequence shows close evolutionary relationship

chloroplasts contain the same pigment

cell walls contain cellulose

both use starch as a storage molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the key features that determine a plant’s phyla?

A

vascular tissue
seeds
flowers and fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which phylum has no vascular tissue, no seeds, and no flower/fruits?

A

bryophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which phylum has vascular tissue, no seeds, and no flower/fruits?

A

seedless vascular plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which phylum has vascular tissue, has seeds, and no flowers/fruits?

A

gymnosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which phylum has vascular tissue, has seeds, and has flowers/fruits?

A

angiosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an adaptation to life on land?

A

a leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What to leaves on a plant do?

A

used to obtain food

capture sunlight and CO2 for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Plant leaves have evolved what?

A

cuticle - to keep from drying out

stomata - to allow gas exchanges

roots

vascular tissue

reproductive structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does vascular tissue do in a plant?

A

transports water and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of roots on a plant?

A

for obtaining water and minerals, while physically anchoring the plant in soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are vascular tissue in a plant?

A

bundle of tubes that transport water, minerals, and sugar throughout the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two parts of vascular tissue?

A

xylem

phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is lignin and what does it do?

A

in xylem walls (vascular tissue)

supports the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do land plants make in order to reproduce?

A

gametes that can survive and find each other on land

make embryos that are protected from drying out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Plants do what with their generations?

A

alternate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the multicellular plants that carry out all life processes?

A

sporophyte

gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the characteristic of the sporophyte generation?

A

diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the characteristic of the gametophyte generation?

A

haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gametophytes and sporophytes evolved different what?

A

lifestyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In simple plants the gametophyte is — and — dependent on the sporophyte?

A

larger

less

24
Q

In more complex plants the gametophyte is — and — dependent on the sporophyte?

A

smaller

more

25
Q

Which are the simplest plants?

A

bryophytes

26
Q

Where do bryophytes live?

A

shady moist habitats

27
Q

What do bryophytes do?

A

they help build the soil that larger plants use

28
Q

Give example of plants that are bryophytes.

A

mosses
hornworts
liverworts

29
Q

Bryophytes have a small what?

A

sporophyte

30
Q

What is the sporophyte?

A

a stalk attached to the gametophyte

31
Q

What does the sporophyte do?

A

produces spores that grow into new haploid gametophyte plants

32
Q

Where do bryophytes reproduce?

A

in water

33
Q

How do bryophyte reproduce?

A

gametes formed by mitosis in separate sperm and egg producing structures in the gametophyte

sperm swims to the egg cell in a film of water that coats the plants

34
Q

Seedless vascular plants have true what?

A

roots, stems, and leaves

35
Q

What allowed seedless vascular plants to grow much larger than bryophytes?

A

vascular tissue

36
Q

How did vascular tissue help seedless vascular plants?

A

gave them an edge in competing for sunlight

37
Q

Seedless vascular plants have a large what?

A

sporophyte

38
Q

What does the sporophyte do in seedless vascular plants?

A

it grows up and out of the gametophyte

as it matures, it detaches and grows separately, then produces spores

39
Q

Seedless vascular plants require what for reproduction?

A

water

40
Q

How do seedless vascular plants reproduce?

A

gametophytes produce male and female gametes.

sperm swim from female gametophytes in water

41
Q

What does gymnosperm mean literally?

A

naked seed plants

42
Q

What do gymnosperm sporophytes look like?

A

very large and conspicuous

43
Q

What are the sporophytes of most gymnosperms?

A

woody trees or shrubs

44
Q

What does the sporophyte produce in gymnosperms?

A

both male and female cones

45
Q

Gymnosperm cones develop into what?

A

tiny gametophytes

46
Q

Where are the male and female gamete formed in gymnosperms?

A

pollen, containing sperm, is formed in the male cones

ovules, containing eggs, are formed in the female cones

47
Q

Reproducing gymnosperms does not require what, and why?

A

water

sperm do not need to swim through water ti eggs for fertilization

48
Q

How do gymnosperms reproduce?

A

windblown pollen grains settle between the scales of female cones and adhere to ovules.

fertilization occurs inside the ovules

49
Q

Angiosperms produce what?

A

seed in fruits

50
Q

Where do angiosperms produce pollen and egg cells?

A

in flowers, which develop into fruit after fertilization

51
Q

How do angiosperm sporophytes look?

A

very large and conspicuous

52
Q

What are the sporophytes of angiosperms?

A

trees and other

53
Q

When do angiosperm gametophytes get together?

A

at pollination

54
Q

What happens during angiosperm pollination?

A

a grain of pollen (male gametophyte) produces a pollen tube to reach the ovule (female gametophyte)

55
Q

angiosperms have double …?

A

fertilization

56
Q

What happens in double fertilization?

A

two sperm nuclei travel through the pollen tube

one fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote. This is the first cell of the sporophyte.

the other sperm fertilizes the central cell’s polar nuclei. This will develop into the endosperm, which feeds the embryo inside the seeds.

57
Q

How is the endosperm made?

A

one sperm cell fertilizes the central cell’s polar nuclei

Baby Bio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions