CH.5 HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE PT.2 Flashcards
RESTING LENGTH OF MUSCLE AND THE TENSION THE MUSCLE CAN PRODUCE AT THIS RESTING LENGTH
LENGTH TENSION RELATIONSHIP
FORCE IS CHARACTERIZED BY WHAT ?
MAGNITUDE (HOW MUCH) AND DIRECTION (WHICH WAY THEY ARE MOVING)
LENGTHENING MUSCLE BEYOND OPTIMAL LENGTH AND THEN STIMULATING IT REDUCES WHAT ?
AMOUNT OF ACTIN AND MYOSIN OVERLAP, REDUCING FORCE PRODUCTION
SHORTENING A MUSCLE TO MUCH AND THEN STIMULATING IT DOES WHAT TO ACTIN AND MYOSIN ?
PLACES ACTIN AND MYOSIN IN STATE OF MAXIMAL OVERLAP AND ALLOWS FOR NO FURTHER MOVEMENT TO OCCUR B/W FILAMENTS, REDUCING ITS FORCE OUTPUT
IF MUSCLE LENGTHS ARE ALTERED (I.E. MISALIGNED JOINTS OR POOR POSTURE) THEN THEY WILL NOT GENERATE WHAT ?
THE NEEDED FORCE TO ALLOW FOR EFFICIENT MOVEMENT
REFERS TO RELATIONSHIP OF MUSCLES ABILITY TO PRODUCE TENSION AT DIFFERING SHORTENING VELOCITIES
FORCE VELOCITY CURVES
AS VELOCITY OF CONCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION INCREASES , ABILITY TO PRODUCE WHAT DECREASES ?
FORCE
WITH ECCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION, AS VELOCITY OF MUSCLE ACTION INCREASES, ABILITY TO TO DEVELOP FORCE DOES WHAT ?
INCREASES
MUSCLE GROUPS MOVING TOGETHER TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT AROUND A JOINT
FORCE COUPLE
MUSCLES PRODUCE FORCE THAT IS TRANSMITTED TO BONES THOUGH WHAT ?
THROUGH THEIR CONNECTIVE TISSUES (TENDONS)
SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF MUSCLES TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT AROUND A JOINT; PROVIDE DIVERGENT PULLS ON BONES OR BONES THEY CONNECT WITH
FORCE COUPLE
T OR F: EVERY MOVEMENT PRODUCED MUST INVOLVE ALL MUSCLE ACTIONS (ECCENTRIC, ISOMETRIC, CONCENTRIC) AND ALL FUNCTIONS (AGONISTS, SYNERGISTS, STABILIZERS AND ANTAGONISTS) TO ENSURE PROPER PROPER JOINT MOTION AS WELL TO ELIMINATE UNWANTED OR UNNECESSARY MOTION.
TRUE
TO ENSURE HMS MOVES PROPERLY, MUST EXHIBIT PROPER FORCE COUPLE RELATIONSHIPS, WHICH CAN ONLY HAPPEN IF MUSCLES AND JOINTS ARE WHAT ?
MUSCLES ARE AT RIGHT LENGTH TENSION RELATIONSHIP AND JOINTS HAVE PROPER ANTHROKINEMATICS (JOINT MOTION)
TRUNK ROTATION USED MUSCLES
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL OBLIQUES
UPWARD ROTATION OF SCAPULA USED MUSCLES
UPPER TRAPEZIUS AND LOWER PORTION OF SERRATUS ANTERIOR
USED MUSCLES TO PRODUCE HIP AND KNEE EXTENSION DURING WALKING, RUNNING, STAIR CLIMBING, ETC
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS, QUADRICEPS AND CALF MUSCLES
USED MUSCLES WHEN PERFORMING PLANTARFLEXION AT FOOT AND ANKLE COMPLEX
GASTROCNEMIUS, PERONEUS LONGUS, TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
USED MUSCLES WHEN PERFORMING SHOULDER ABDUCTION
DELTOID AND ROTATOR CUFF
AMOUNT OF FORCE THAT HMS CAN PRODUCE IS NOT ONLY DEPENDENT ON MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT AND MUSCLE SIZE BUT ALSO ON WHAT ?
LEVER SYSTEM OF JOINT
ATTACHED TO BONE BY TENDONS AND PRODUCE MOVEMENT BY BENDING AT MOVABLE JOINTS
SKELETAL MUSCLES
CAUSED BY MUSCLES PULLING ON BONES; MUSCLES CANNOT ACTIVELY PUSH
JOINT MOTION
PARTICULAR ATTACHMENTS OF MUSCLES TO BONES WILL DETERMINE WHAT ?
HOW MUCH FORCE MUSCLE IS CAPABLE OF GENERATING
IN HUMAN BODY THE FULCRUM IS WHAT ?
JOINT AXIS
IN HUMAN BODY WHAT ARE THE LEVERS ?
BONES
IN HUMAN BODY WHAT CREATES THE MOTION (EFFORT) ?
MUSCLES
IN HUMAN BODY, WHAT CREATES THE RESISTANCE ?
WEIGHT OF BODY PART OR WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT
LEVERS ARE CLASSIFIED FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD CLASS DEPENDING ON WHAT ?
ON RELATIONS AMONG FULCRUM, THE EFFORT, AND THE RESISTANCE
WHAT LEVER CLASS HAVE FULCRUM IN MIDDLE (LIKE A SEESAW) ?
FIRST CLASS LEVERS
WHAT LEVER CLASS HAVE RESISTANCE IN MIDDLE (WITH FULCRUM AND EFFORT ON EITHER SIDE) (I.E. PUSH UPS, CALF RAISES ,WHEELBARROW) ?
SECOND CLASS LEVERS
WHAT LEVER CLASS HAS EFFORT PLACED B/W RESISTANCE AND FULCRUM (EFFORT ALWAYS TRAVELS SHORTER DISTANCE AND MUST BE GREATER THAN RESISTANCE) ?
THIRD CLASS LEVERS
MOST LIMBS OF HUMAN BODY ARE OPERATED AS WHAT CLASS OF LEVERS ?
THIRD CLASS LEVERS
MOVEMENT OF BONES AROUND THE JOINTS
ROTARY MOTION
FORCE THAT PRODUCES ROTATION; COMMON UNIT IS NEWTON METER OR NM
TORQUE
IN RESISTANCE TRAINING, WHAT IS APPLIED SO WE CAN MOVE OUR JOINTS ?
TORQUE
THE AMOUNT OF LEVERAGE HMS WILL HAVE (FOR ANY GIVEN MOVEMENT) DEPENDS ON WHAT ?
ON THE LEVERAGE OF MUSCLES IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE
THE CLOSER THE WEIGHT IS TO WHAT THE LESS TORQUE IT PRODUCES ?
CLOSER WEIGHT IS TO POINT OF ROTATION (JOINT)
THE FARTHER AWAY WEIGHT IS FROM POINT OF ROTATION WHAT MORE WHAT I CREATES ?
TORQUE
MOTOR RESPONSE TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI
MOTOR BEHAVIOR
HOW THE CNS INTEGRATES INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SENSORY INFORMATION WITH PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES TO PRODUCE MOTOR RESPONSE
MOTOR CONTROL
INTEGRATION OF MOTOR CONTROL PROCESSES THROUGH PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE, LEADING TO RELATIVELY PERMANENT CHANGE IN CAPACITY TO PRODUCE SKILLED MOVEMENTS
MOTOR LEARNING
CHANGE IN MOTOR SKILL BEHAVIOR OVER TIME THROUGHOUT LIFESPAN
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
COLLECTIVE STUDY OF MOTOR CONTROL, MOTOR LEARNING AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
MOTOR BEHAVIOR
CONCERNED WITH WHAT CNS STRUCTURES ARE INVOLVED WITH MOTOR BEHAVIOR TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT
MOTOR CONTROL
GROUPS OF MUSCLES THAT ARE RECRUITED BY CNS TO PROVIDE MOVEMENT
MUSCLE SYNERGIES
CUMULATIVE SENSORY INPUT TO CNS FROM ALL MECHANORECEPTORS THAT SENSE POSITION AND LIMB MOVEMENTS
PROPRIOCEPTION
COOPERATION OF THE NERVOUS AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM IN GATHERING AND INTERPRETING INFO AND EXECUTING MOVEMENT
SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION
IMPORTANT CONCEPT IN MOTOR CONTROL WHEN CNS RECRUITS MUSCLES BY GROUPS
MUSCLE SYNERGIES
PROPRIOCEPTION USES INFO FROM MECHANORECEPTORS (MUSCLE SPINDLE, GTO, AND JOINT RECEPTORS) TO PROVIDE INFO ABOUT WHAT ?
BODY POSITION, MOVEMENT, AND SENSATION AS IT PERTAINS TO MUSCLE AND JOINT FORCE
PROPRIOCEPTION CAN BE ALTERED AFTER WHAT ?
INJURY
TO ENHANCE ONES PROPRIOCEPTIVE CAPABILITIES TO INCREASE POSTURAL CONTROL AND DECREASE TISSUE OVERLOAD, ONE MUST TRAIN WHAT ?
CORE AND BALANCE
USING IMPROPER FORM WILL DEVELOP WHAT LEADING TO MOVEMENT COMPENSATIONS AND POTENTIAL INJURY ?
DEVELOP IMPROPER SENSORY INFORMATION DELIVERED TO CNS
USE OF SENSORY INFO AND SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION TO HELP HUMAN MOVEMENT SYSTEM IN MOTOR LEARNING
FEEDBACK
PROCESS WHEREBY SENSORY INFORMATION IS USED BY BODY TO REACTIVELY MONITOR MOVEMENT AND ENVIRONMENT
INTERNAL FEEDBACK
INFO PROVIDED BY SOME EXTERNAL SOURCE, SUCH AS HEALTH AND FITNESS PROFESSIONAL, VIDEOTAPE, MIRROR, OR HR MONITOR, TO SUPPLEMENT INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
EXTERNAL FEEDBACK
FOR A MOVEMENT TO OCCUR REPEATEDLY SENSORY INFO AND SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION MUST BE USED TO AID HMS IN DEVELOPMENT OF WHAT ?
PERMANENT NEURAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MOTOR PATTERNS (FEEDBACK)
INTERNAL FEEDBACK (OR SENSORY FEEDBACK) IS WHEN SENSORY INFO IS USED BY BODY VIA WHAT TO REACTIVELY MONITOR MOVEMENT AND ENVIRONMENT ?
VIA LENGTH TENSION RELATIONSHIP (POSTURE), FORCE COUPLE RELATIONSHIPS, AND ARTHROKINEMATICS
2 MAJOR FORMS OF EXTERNAL FEEDBACK
KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS AND KNOWLEDGE OF PERFORMANCE
USED AFTER COMPLETION OF MOVEMENT TO HELP INFORM CLIENT ABOUT OUTCOME OF PERFORMANCE (I.E. TELLING CLIENT SQUATS LOOKED GOOD AND ASKING IF CLIENT CAN FEEL OR SEE GOOD FORM)
KNOWLEDGE OF RESULT
UTILIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS HELPS IMPROVE WHAT ?
NEUROMUSCULAR EFFICIENCY
PROVIDES INFO ABOUT QUALITY OF MOVEMENT DURING EXERCISE; GETS CLIENT INVOLVED IN OWN SENSORY PROCESS (I.E. ASKING CLIENT IF THEY FELT OR LOOKED DIFFERENT DURING REPS OF SQUATS)
KNOWLEDGE OF PERFORMANCE
PROVIDE CLIENT SUPPLEMENTAL SENSORY INPUT TO HELP CREATE AWARENESS OF DESIRED ACTION
EXTERNAL FEEDBACK
EXCESSIVE USE OF WHAT CAN NEGATIVELY AFFECT SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION AND MOTOR LEARNING AND ULTIMATELY MOVEMENT PATTERNS
EXCESSIVE USE OF EXTERNAL FEEDBACK
CLIENT PRACTICING REPEATED SQUATS TO CREATE PERMANENT CHANGES IN TECHNIQUE ARE DISPLAYING WHAT ?
MOTOR LEARNING
ANATOMICAL POSITION ON OPPOSITE SIDE OF BODY
CONTRALATERAL
PLANE OF MOTION WHERE HAMMER CURLS OCCUR
SAGITTAL PLANE
POSITION ON SAME SIDE OF BODY
IPSILATERAL
SCAPULAR ELEVATION REFERS TO WHAT MOTION OF SCAPULA ?
SUPERIOR
SHOULDER ELEVATION REFERS TO WHAT MOTION OF SCAPULA
SUPERIOR
