CH.4 EXERCISE METABOLISM AND BIOENERGETICS Flashcards
BEFORE FOOD CAN BECOME A USABLE FORM OF ENERGY IT HAS TO BE CONVERTED INTO SMALLER UNITS CALLED WHAT ?
SUBSTRATES
ENERGY STORED IN SUBSTRATE MOLECULES IS CHEMICALLY RELEASED IN CELLS AND STORED IN FORM OF A HIGH ENERGY COMPOUND CALLED WHAT ?
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
STUDY OF ENERGY IN HUMAN BODY
BIOENERGETICS
ALL OF THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT OCCUR IN THE BODY TO MAINTAIN ITSELF
METABOLISM
PROCESS IN WHICH NUTRIENTS ARE ACQUIRED, TRANSPORTED, USED AND DISPOSED BY BODY
METABOLISM
EXAMINATION OF BIOENERGETICS AS IT RELATES TO THE UNIQUE PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES AND DEMANDS PLACED ON THE BODY DURING EXERCISE
EXERCISE METABOLISM
MATERIAL OR SUBSTANCE ON WHICH AN ENZYME ACTS
SUBSTRATES
ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY
SUN
WHAT PROCESS USES ENERGY FROM SUN TO PRODUCE CHEMICAL ENERGY AND OTHER COMPOUNDS THAT ARE USED TO CONVERT CO2 INTO ORGANIC CHEMICALS SUCH AS GLUCOSE ?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MAIN SOURCE OF CHEMICAL ENERGY FOR MOST ORGANISMS ARE WHAT ?
CARBS, FATS AND PROTEIN
CONSTITUTE THE MAIN SUBSTRATES USED TO TRANSFER METABOLIC ENERGY TO BE USED FOR ALL TYPES OF CELLULAR ACTIVITY AND LIFE
PROTEINS, CARBS, AND LIPIDS (FATS)
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN AND INCLUDES STARCHES, CELLULOSE, AND SUGARS AND ARE IMPORTANT SOURCE OF ENERGY
CARBOHYDRATES
ALL ARE EVENTUALLY BROKEN DOWN IN THE BODY TO GLUCOSE, A SIMPLE SUGAR
CARBOHYDRATES
SIMPLE SUGAR MANUFACTURED BY THE BODY FROM CARBS, FAT AND TO A LESSER EXTENT PROTEIN, WHICH SERVES AS THE BODYS MAIN SOURCE OF FUEL
GLUCOSE
COMPLEX CARB MOLECULE USED TO STORE CARBS IN THE LIVER AND MUSCLE CELLS
GLYCOGEN
WHEN CARB ENERGY IS NEEDED, WHAT IS CONVERTED INTO GLUCOSE FOR USE BY MUSCLE CELLS ?
GLYCOGEN
ONE OF THE 3 MAIN CLASSES OF FOODS AND A SOURCE OF ENERGY IN THE BODY
FAT
HELP BODY USE SOME VITAMINS AND KEEP SKIN HEALTHY
FAT
SERVE AS AN EXTRA ENERGY STORE FOR BODY
FAT
2 TYPES OF FATS
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED
CHEMICAL OR SUBSTRATE FORM IN WHICH MOST FAT EXISTS IN FOOD AS WELL AS IN BODY
TRIGLYCERIDES
AMINO ACIDS LINKED BY PEPTIDE BONDS, WHICH CONSISTS OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, O2, AND USUALLY SULFUR AND THAT HAVE SEVERAL ESSENTIAL BIOLOGIC COMPOUNDS
PROTEIN
FORMATION OF GLUCOSE FROM NONCARBOHYDRATE SOURCES, SUCH AS AMINO ACIDS
GLUCONEOGENESIS
DERIVED FROM FATS EATEN IN FOODS OR MADE IN BODY FROM OTHER ENERGY SOURCES SUCH AS CARBS
TRIGLYCERIDES
WHEN CALORIES ARE CONSUMED BUT NOT IMMEDIATELY NEEDED BY CELLS OR TISSUES THEY ARE CONVERTED INTO WHAT AND TRANSPORTED WHERE ?
CONVERTED TO TRIGLYCERIDES AND TRANSPORTED TO FAT CELLS WHERE THEY ARE STORED
RARELY SUPPLIES MUCH ENERGY DURING EXERCISE
PROTEIN
WHEN DOES PROTEIN BECOME A SIGNIFICANT SOURCE OF FUEL ?
IN STARVATION
DURING NEGATIVE ENERGY BALANCE (E.G. LOW CALORIE DIET), AMINO ACIDS ARE USED TO ASSIST IN ENERGY PRODUCTION KNOWN AS WHAT ?
GLUCONEOGENESIS
WHEN CHEMICAL BONDS THAT HOLD WHAT TOGETHER ARE BROKEN ENERGY IS RELEASED FOR CELLULAR WORK ?
ATP
WHEN ATP IS BROKEN DOWN IT LEAVES WHAT MOLECULE BEHIND ?
ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE (ADP)
1 FUNCTION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IS TO HARNESS ENOUGH FREE ENERGY TO REATTACH A PHOSPHATE GROUP TO AN ADP AND RESTORE WHAT ?
RESTORE ATP LEVELS BACK TO NORMAL TO PERFORM MORE WORK
ENERGY STORAGE AND TRANSFER UNIT WITHIN THE CELLS OF THE BODY
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
HIGH ENERGY COMPOUND OCCURRING IN ALL CELLS FROM WHICH ATP IS FORMED
ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
USED TO FROM MYOSIN ACTIN CROSS BRIDGES THAT FACILITATE MUSCLE CONTRACTION
ENERGY
FOR ONE CYCLE OF A CROSS BRIDGE WHAT IS NEEDED ?
2 ATPS NEEDED
WHEN ALL ATP IS COMPLETELY DEPLETED, AND THERE IS NO ENERGY TO BREAK CONNECTION B/W CROSS BRIDGES AND ACTIN ACTIVE SITES, MUSCLE GOES INTO WHAT ?
RIGOR
ANY FROM OF EXERCISE CAN BE DEFINED BY WHAT 2 FACTORS ?
INTENSITY AND DURATION
T OR F: HUMAN BODY DOES NOT TECHNICALLY MAKE ENERGY BUT RATHER TRANSFERS ENERGY FROM SUN THROUGH FOOD TO CELLS TO PERFORM THEIR SPECIFIC CELLULAR AND MECHANICAL FUNCTIONS
TRUE
WHAT % OF ENERGY IS RELEASED FROM ATP AND ACTUALLY USED FOR CELLULAR WORK ?
40%