Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE > CH.4 EXERCISE METABOLISM AND BIOENERGETICS > Flashcards

CH.4 EXERCISE METABOLISM AND BIOENERGETICS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

BEFORE FOOD CAN BECOME A USABLE FORM OF ENERGY IT HAS TO BE CONVERTED INTO SMALLER UNITS CALLED WHAT ?

A

SUBSTRATES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ENERGY STORED IN SUBSTRATE MOLECULES IS CHEMICALLY RELEASED IN CELLS AND STORED IN FORM OF A HIGH ENERGY COMPOUND CALLED WHAT ?

A

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

STUDY OF ENERGY IN HUMAN BODY

A

BIOENERGETICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ALL OF THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT OCCUR IN THE BODY TO MAINTAIN ITSELF

A

METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PROCESS IN WHICH NUTRIENTS ARE ACQUIRED, TRANSPORTED, USED AND DISPOSED BY BODY

A

METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

EXAMINATION OF BIOENERGETICS AS IT RELATES TO THE UNIQUE PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES AND DEMANDS PLACED ON THE BODY DURING EXERCISE

A

EXERCISE METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MATERIAL OR SUBSTANCE ON WHICH AN ENZYME ACTS

A

SUBSTRATES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY

A

SUN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WHAT PROCESS USES ENERGY FROM SUN TO PRODUCE CHEMICAL ENERGY AND OTHER COMPOUNDS THAT ARE USED TO CONVERT CO2 INTO ORGANIC CHEMICALS SUCH AS GLUCOSE ?

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MAIN SOURCE OF CHEMICAL ENERGY FOR MOST ORGANISMS ARE WHAT ?

A

CARBS, FATS AND PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CONSTITUTE THE MAIN SUBSTRATES USED TO TRANSFER METABOLIC ENERGY TO BE USED FOR ALL TYPES OF CELLULAR ACTIVITY AND LIFE

A

PROTEINS, CARBS, AND LIPIDS (FATS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN AND INCLUDES STARCHES, CELLULOSE, AND SUGARS AND ARE IMPORTANT SOURCE OF ENERGY

A

CARBOHYDRATES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ALL ARE EVENTUALLY BROKEN DOWN IN THE BODY TO GLUCOSE, A SIMPLE SUGAR

A

CARBOHYDRATES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SIMPLE SUGAR MANUFACTURED BY THE BODY FROM CARBS, FAT AND TO A LESSER EXTENT PROTEIN, WHICH SERVES AS THE BODYS MAIN SOURCE OF FUEL

A

GLUCOSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

COMPLEX CARB MOLECULE USED TO STORE CARBS IN THE LIVER AND MUSCLE CELLS

A

GLYCOGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WHEN CARB ENERGY IS NEEDED, WHAT IS CONVERTED INTO GLUCOSE FOR USE BY MUSCLE CELLS ?

A

GLYCOGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ONE OF THE 3 MAIN CLASSES OF FOODS AND A SOURCE OF ENERGY IN THE BODY

A

FAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

HELP BODY USE SOME VITAMINS AND KEEP SKIN HEALTHY

A

FAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SERVE AS AN EXTRA ENERGY STORE FOR BODY

A

FAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 TYPES OF FATS

A

SATURATED AND UNSATURATED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CHEMICAL OR SUBSTRATE FORM IN WHICH MOST FAT EXISTS IN FOOD AS WELL AS IN BODY

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AMINO ACIDS LINKED BY PEPTIDE BONDS, WHICH CONSISTS OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, O2, AND USUALLY SULFUR AND THAT HAVE SEVERAL ESSENTIAL BIOLOGIC COMPOUNDS

A

PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

FORMATION OF GLUCOSE FROM NONCARBOHYDRATE SOURCES, SUCH AS AMINO ACIDS

A

GLUCONEOGENESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DERIVED FROM FATS EATEN IN FOODS OR MADE IN BODY FROM OTHER ENERGY SOURCES SUCH AS CARBS

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

WHEN CALORIES ARE CONSUMED BUT NOT IMMEDIATELY NEEDED BY CELLS OR TISSUES THEY ARE CONVERTED INTO WHAT AND TRANSPORTED WHERE ?

A

CONVERTED TO TRIGLYCERIDES AND TRANSPORTED TO FAT CELLS WHERE THEY ARE STORED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

RARELY SUPPLIES MUCH ENERGY DURING EXERCISE

A

PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

WHEN DOES PROTEIN BECOME A SIGNIFICANT SOURCE OF FUEL ?

A

IN STARVATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

DURING NEGATIVE ENERGY BALANCE (E.G. LOW CALORIE DIET), AMINO ACIDS ARE USED TO ASSIST IN ENERGY PRODUCTION KNOWN AS WHAT ?

A

GLUCONEOGENESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

WHEN CHEMICAL BONDS THAT HOLD WHAT TOGETHER ARE BROKEN ENERGY IS RELEASED FOR CELLULAR WORK ?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

WHEN ATP IS BROKEN DOWN IT LEAVES WHAT MOLECULE BEHIND ?

A

ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE (ADP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

1 FUNCTION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IS TO HARNESS ENOUGH FREE ENERGY TO REATTACH A PHOSPHATE GROUP TO AN ADP AND RESTORE WHAT ?

A

RESTORE ATP LEVELS BACK TO NORMAL TO PERFORM MORE WORK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ENERGY STORAGE AND TRANSFER UNIT WITHIN THE CELLS OF THE BODY

A

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

HIGH ENERGY COMPOUND OCCURRING IN ALL CELLS FROM WHICH ATP IS FORMED

A

ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

USED TO FROM MYOSIN ACTIN CROSS BRIDGES THAT FACILITATE MUSCLE CONTRACTION

A

ENERGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

FOR ONE CYCLE OF A CROSS BRIDGE WHAT IS NEEDED ?

A

2 ATPS NEEDED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

WHEN ALL ATP IS COMPLETELY DEPLETED, AND THERE IS NO ENERGY TO BREAK CONNECTION B/W CROSS BRIDGES AND ACTIN ACTIVE SITES, MUSCLE GOES INTO WHAT ?

A

RIGOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ANY FROM OF EXERCISE CAN BE DEFINED BY WHAT 2 FACTORS ?

A

INTENSITY AND DURATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

T OR F: HUMAN BODY DOES NOT TECHNICALLY MAKE ENERGY BUT RATHER TRANSFERS ENERGY FROM SUN THROUGH FOOD TO CELLS TO PERFORM THEIR SPECIFIC CELLULAR AND MECHANICAL FUNCTIONS

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

WHAT % OF ENERGY IS RELEASED FROM ATP AND ACTUALLY USED FOR CELLULAR WORK ?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

WHEN WHAT COMBINES, IT SPLITS LAST PHOSPHATE GROUP AWAY, RELEASING LARGE AMOUNT OF FREE ENERGY, APPROX. 7.3 KCAL PER UNIT OF ATP.

A

ENZYME ATPASE COMBINES WITH AN ATP MOLECULE

41
Q

BEFORE ATP CAN RELEASED ADDITIONAL ENERGY AGAIN, IT MUST ADD BACK ANOTHER PHOSPHATE GROUP TO ADP THROUGH A PROCESS CALLED WHAT ?

A

PHOSPHORYLATION

42
Q

3 METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN WHICH CELLS CAN GENERATE ATP

A
  1. ATP PC SYSTEM
  2. GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM (GLYCOLYSIS)
  3. OXIDATIVE SYSTEM (OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION)
43
Q

BY TRANSFERRING WHAT FROM ANOTHER HIGH ENERGY MOLECULE CALLED PHOSPHOCREATINE TO AN ADP MOLECULE, ENOUGH ENERGY CAN BE PRODUCED TO FACILITATE ONE CROSS BRIDGE CYCLE

A

PHOSPHATE

44
Q

PROCESS OF CREATING A NEW ATP MOLECULE FROM PHOSPHOCREATINE MOLECULE; SIMPLEST AND FASTEST OF ENERGY SYSTEMS

A

ATP-PC SYSTEM

45
Q

PROVIDES ENERGY FOR PRIMARILY HIGH INTENSITY, SHORT DURATION BOUTS OF EXERCISE OR ACTIVITY

A

ATP-PC SYSTEM

46
Q

THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED AT ONSET OF ACTIVITY, REGARDLESS OF INTENSITY, BECAUSE OF ITS ABILITY TO PRODUCE ENERGY VERY RAPIDLY

A

ATP-PC SYSTEM

47
Q

ANAEROBIC FORM OF PRODUCING ATP THROUGH CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE

A

ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

48
Q

CONVERTED TO COMPOUND CALLED GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE BEFORE IT CAN GENERATE ENERGY

A

GLUCOSE OR GLYCOGEN

49
Q

PROCESS OF GLYCOLYSIS DOES NOT BEGIN UNTIL EITHER GLUCOSE OR GLYCOGEN ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO WHAT ?

A

GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE

50
Q

T OR F: CONVERSION OF GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE USES UP 1 ATP MOLECULE, WHERE AS GLYCOGEN DOES NOT

A

FALSE: CONVERSION OF GLUCOSE TO GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE USES UP 1 ATP MOLECULE, GLYCOGEN DOES NOT

51
Q

END RESULT OF GLYCOLYSIS IN WHICH GLUCOSE OR GLYCOGEN IS BROKEN DOWN TO EITHER PYRUVIC ACID (AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS) OR LACTIC ACID (ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYISIS) IS WHAT ?

A

2 ATP FOR EACH MOLE OR UNIT OF GLUCOSE AND 3 ATP FROM EACH UNIT OF GLYCOGEN

52
Q

THIS SYSTEM CAN PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT GREAT AMOUNT, BUT LIMITED TO APPROX. 30-50 SECONDS OF DURATION

A

GLYCOLYSIS

53
Q

MOST COMPLEX OF THE 3 ENERGY SYSTEM; PROCESS THAT USES SUBSTRATES WITH AID OF O2 TO GENERATE ATP

A

OXIDATIVE SYSTEM

54
Q

3 OXIDATIVE (AEROBIC) SYSTEMS

A
  1. AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS
  2. KREBS CYCLE
  3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC)
55
Q

BREAKDOWN OF TRIGLYCERIDES INTO SMALLER SUBUNITS CALLED FREE FATTY ACIDS (FFAS) TO CONVERT FFAS INTO ACYL-COA MOLECULES, WHICH THEN ARE AVAILABLE TO ENTER THE KREBS CYCLE AND ULTIMATELY LEAD TO PRODUCTION OF ADDITIONAL ATP

A

B (BETA) OXIDATION

56
Q

T OR F: WHETHER GLYCOLYSIS IS AEROBIC OR ANAEROBIC THE PROCESS IS THE SAME

A

TRUE

57
Q

END PRODUCT OF GLYCOLYSIS WITH O2

A

PYRUVIC ACID

58
Q

END PRODUCT OF GLYCOLYSIS WITHOUT O2

A

LACTIC ACID

59
Q

DURING GLYCOLYSIS WITH THE PRESENCE OF O2, PYRUVIC ACID IS CONVERTED INTO WHAT IMPORTANT MOLECULE IN METABOLISM ?

A

ACETYL COENZYME A (ACETYL COA)

60
Q

ACETLY COA IS AN IMPORTANT MOLECULE BECAUSE IT CONTRIBUTES SUBSTRATES FOR USE IN PROCESS OF OXIDATIVE PRODUCTION OF ATP CALLED WHAT ?

A

KREBS CYCLE

61
Q

COMPLETE OXIDATION OF ACETLY COA PRODUCES WHAT ?

A

2 UNITS OF ATP AND BY PRODUCTS CO2 AND HYDROGEN

62
Q

PREFERRED FUEL SUBSTRATE FOR OXIDATIVE PRODUCTION OF ATP

A

CARBS

63
Q

OXIDATION OF WHAT REQUIRES MORE O2 TO PRODUCE ATP ?

A

FAT

64
Q

T OR F: AEROBIC BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE AND FAT TAKES MUCH LONGER THAN THE ANAEROBIC METABOLISM OF GLUCOSE AND FAR LONGER THAN THE ATP PC CYCLE

A

TRUE

65
Q

HAS THE CAPABILITY TO PRODUCE ENERGY, AT LEAST FOR EXERCISE, FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME; BECAUSE EVERYONE HAS AMPLE SUPPLY OF STORAGE FAT

A

AEROBIC METABOLISM

66
Q

MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR REGULATING ENERGY DURING EXERCISE IS WHAT ?

A

INTENSITY AND DURATION OF EXERCISE

67
Q

AMOUNT OF ENERGY AVAILABLE STORED IN WHAT IS SMALL ?

A

ATP AND PHOSPHOCREATINE

68
Q

AMOUNT OF ENERGY STORED IN IN WHAT HAS GREAT CAPACITY BUT LIMITED ?

A

CARBS

69
Q

AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE FUEL FOR EXERCISE FROM WHAT, IS ESSENTIALLY UNLIMITED ?

A

FATS

70
Q

EXERCISE INTENSITY BEGINS TO SLOW AS THE PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY TURNS FROM WHAT TO WHAT ?

A

GLYCOGEN TO FATS

71
Q

AFTER HOW MANY MINUTES OF EXERCISE, ARE MAJORITY OF MUSCLE GLYCOGEN STORES DEPLETED ?

A

90 MINUTES

72
Q

THROUGH A COMBO OF WHAT AND INTAKE OF WHAT IS IT POSSIBLE TO STORE SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER QUANTITIES OF GLYCOGEN, PERHAPS UP TO 50% MORE ?

A

COMBO OF TRAINING AND HIGH CARB INTAKE

73
Q

LOADING OF WHAT CAN HELP IMPROVE ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE ?

A

CARB LOADING (AKA GLYCOGEN LOADING, CARB SUPERCOMPENSATION, ETC.)

74
Q

MEASUREMENTS MADE FOR PURPOSE OF ASSESSING EXERCISE METABOLISM ARE TYPICALLY MADE DURING PERIODS OF WHAT ?

A

STEADY STATE

75
Q

PERFORMED AT A CONSTANT PACE (INTENSITY)

A

STEADY STATE EXERCISE

76
Q

1 WAY TO DETERMINE HOW THE BODY SUPPLIES ENERGY DURING EXERCISE IS TO LOOK AT WHAT ?

A

HOW MUCH O2 IT IS USING DURING SPECIFIC PERIODS OF EXERCISE

77
Q

IF CALORIC REQUIREMENTS EXCEEDS BODYS ABILITY TO DELIVER ENERGY AEROBICALLY THE BODY WILL MAKE UP THE DIFFERENCE HOW ?

A

ANAEROBICALLY, REGARDLESS OF WHEN IT OCCURS DURING EXERCISE

78
Q

WHY DOES THE BODY PREFER AEROBIC OR OXIDATIVE METABOLISM ?

A

BECAUSE CO2 AND WATER ARE MORE EASILY ELIMINATED

79
Q

AT START OF EXERCISE, AEROBIC METABOLIC PATHWAYS ARE TOO SLOW TO MEET INITIAL DEMANDS, SO BODY RELIES ON WHAT ?

A

RELIES ON ATP PC CYCLE (RESULTING IN REDUCTION OF ATP AND PC LEVELS AND INCREASE IN ADP AND CREATINE) AS WELL AS FROM ANAEROBIC METABOLISM OF GLUCOSE EARLY INTO THE EXERCISE PERIOD

80
Q

GRADUALLY, AS THE RATE OF AEROBIC ATP PRODUCTION INCREASES, LESS AND LESS ENERGY IS DERIVED FROM WHAT ?

A

DERIVED FROM ANAEROBIC SOURCES

81
Q

STATE IN WHICH BODY’S METABOLISM IS ELEVATED AFTER EXERCISE

A

EXCESS POSTEXERCISE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (EPOC)

82
Q

ATP ABOVE AND BEYOND WHAT IS NEEDED FOR RECOVERY IS PRODUCED TO HELP WHAT ?

A

HELP REESTABLISH BASELINE LEVELS OF ATP AND PC AND TO ASSIST WITH CLEARING METABOLIC END PRODUCTS

83
Q

WHEN AN ATHLETE HAS TO INCREASE INTENSITY MOST OF ENERGY NEEDS TO COME FROM WHAT ?

A

ANAEROBIC METABOLISM

84
Q

WHEN WHAT IS DECREASED, THERE IS A CONTINUED PERIOD OF HIGH, BUT BRIEFLY ELEVATED, O2 CONSUMPTION IN AN ATTEMPT TO RECOVER QUICKLY TO BE READY FOR NEXT BOUT

A

INTENSITY

85
Q

AN AEROBIC EVENT TO SET ATP PC CONCENTRATIONS BACK TOWARDS NORMAL AS WELL AS THE AEROBIC ELIMINATION OF LACTIC ACID

A

RECOVERY

86
Q

AMOUNT OF CO2 EXPIRED DIVIDED BY AMOUNT OF O2 CONSUMED, MEASURED DURING REST OR AT STEADY STATE OF EXERCISE USING METABOLIC ANALYZER

A

RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT (RQ)

87
Q

WHEN VO2 AND VCO2 ARE MEASURED AND THE RQ CALCULATED DURING STEADY STATE EXERCISE, THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF WHAT CAN BE MEASURED ?

A

FATS AND CARBS AS FUEL SOURCES

88
Q

DURING STEADY STATE EXERCISE RQ OF 1.0 INDICATES THAT CARBS ARE SUPPLYING WHAT % OF FUEL ?

A

100%

89
Q

RQ OF 0.7 INDICATES THAT FAT IS SUPPLYING WHAT % OF FUEL FOR METABOLISM ?

A

100%

90
Q

ANY RQ BETWEEN 0.7 AND 1.0 INDICATES MIX OF WHAT FUELING METABOLISM ?

A

CARBS AND FATS

91
Q

AFTER 90 MINUTES OF EXERCISE MAJORITY OF WHAT STORES ARE DEPLETED ?

A

GLYCOGEN STORES

92
Q

ASSISTANCE OF AMINO ACIDS IN ENERGY PRODUCTION DURING PERIODS OF STARVATION

A

GLUCONEOGENESIS

93
Q

ENERGY PATHWAYS USED FOR ACTIVITIES LASTING B/W 30-50 SECS

A

GLYCOLYSIS

94
Q

DURING GLYCOLISIS, W/O2 PYRUVIC ACID IS CONVERTED INTO WHAT ?

A

ACETYL COA

95
Q

SYSTEM BEST USED FOR RUNNING A 10 SEC SPRINT

A

ATP PC SYSTEM

96
Q

SYSTEM PRIMARILY USED FOR JOGGING FOR 30+ MINS

A

OXIDATIVE SYSTEM

97
Q

EXERCISE HIGH IN INTENSITY AND LAST ABOUT 10 SECS USES ENERGY FROM WHAT ?

A

ATP PC

98
Q

CLIENT RUNNING A 6 MIN 30 SEC MILE PRIMARILY USING WHAT SYSTEM FOR ENERGY ?

A

OXIDATIVE SYSTEM

99
Q

BEGINNING OF ATHLETE ACTIVITY/ WORKOUT, ENERGY IS MOSTLY DERIVED FROM METABOLISM OF WHAT ?

A

ANAEROBIC METABOLISM

NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions