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NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE > CH.18 SUPPLEMENTATION > Flashcards

CH.18 SUPPLEMENTATION Flashcards

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1
Q

substance that completes or makes an addition to daily dietary intake

A

dietary supplement

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2
Q

PASSED IN 1994, PROVIDING A DETAILED LEGAL DEFINITION OF THE TERM DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

A

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT HEALTH AND EDUCATION ACT (DSHEA)

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3
Q

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS MUST CONTAIN ONE OR MORE OF WHAT ?

A

VITAMIN, MINERAL, HERBS, AMINOS, DIETARY SUBSTANCE TO SUPPLEMENT DIET BY INCREASING TOTAL DIETARY INTAKE, CONCENTRATE, METABOLITE, CONSTITUENT, OR EXTRACT, OR COMBINATION OF ANY

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4
Q

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS CANNOT BE WHAT ?

A

REPRESENTED FOR USE AS CONVENTIONAL FOOD OR AS SOLE ITEM OF MEAL OR DIET OR INCLUDE AN ARTICLE THAT IS APPROVED AS DRUG OR BIOLOGIC

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5
Q

T OR F: FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) DOES NOT NEED TO APPROVE DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; RESPONSIBILITY FOR DETERMINING SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF DIETARY SUPP FALLS ON SHOULDERS OF COMPANY THAT MANUFACTURES AND MARKETS IT

A

TRUE

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6
Q

T OR F: CALORIE NEEDS GENERALLY DROP WITH AGE, AS WELL AS THE NEED FOR PROTEIN, VITAMINS AND MINERALS

A

FALSE; NEED FOR PROTEIN, VITAMINS AND MINERALS DOES NOT DECLINE

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7
Q

DIETARY SUPPS CONTAIN WHAT 2 THINGS ?

A

NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCES

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8
Q

IN THE USE, WHO PERIODICALLY REVIEWS CURRENT RESEARCH ON NUTRIENT NEEDS TO PROVIDE AUTHORITATIVE, UPDATE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NUTRIENT INTAKE

A

FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD (FNB) OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

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9
Q

VALUES FOR NUTRIENTS THAT PROVIDE GOOD GUIDELINES FOR WHAT CONSTITUTES AN ADEQUATE INTAKE OF A NUTRIENT

A

DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKE (DRI) VALUE

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10
Q

DRI’S MOST COMMONLY USED TO EVALUATE OR PLAN DIETS FOR INDIVIDUALS

A

RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE (RDA)
ADEQUATE INTAKE (AI)
TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL (UL)

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11
Q

OVERALL GOAL IN DESIGNING A HEALTHY DIET IS TO PROVIDE NUTRIENTS AT LEVELS THAT REPRESENT HIGH AND LOW PROBABILITY OF WHAT ?

A

HIGH PROBABILITY OF ADEQUATE INTAKE (MEETING RDA OR AI LEVELS)
LOW PROBABILITY OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE (NOT EXCEEDING UL VALUES)

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12
Q

EXCEPT FOR WHAT, THE VALUES ARE SET FOR TOTAL INTAKE OF EACH NUTRIENT FROM FOOD AND SUPP.

A

EXCEPT FOR VITAMIN E AND MAGNESIUM

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13
Q

UL FOR WHAT ARE SET FOR LEVELS OF INTAKE FROM SUPPS OR PHARMACOLOGIC SOURCES ONLY AND DO NOT INCLUDE DIETARY INTAKE

A

VITAMIN E AND MAGNESIUM

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14
Q

AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL THAT IS ESTIMATED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENT OF HALF THE HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE IN A PARTICULAR LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP

A

ESTIMATED AVERAGE REQUIREMENT (EAR)

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15
Q

AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL THAT IS SUFFICIENT TO MEET THE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT OF NEARLY ALL (97-98%) HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE IN A PARTICULAR LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP

A

RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE (RDA)

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16
Q

RECOMMENDED AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL, BASED ON OBSERVED (OR EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED) APPROXIMATIONS OR ESTIMATES OF NUTRIENT INTAKE THAT ARE ASSUMED TO BE ADEQUATE FOR A GROUP (OR GROUPS) OF HEALTHY PEOPLE; USED WHEN RDA CANNOT BE DETERMINED

A

ADEQUATE INTAKE (AI)

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17
Q

HIGHEST AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL LIKELY TO POSE NO RISK OF AVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS TO ALMOST ALL INDIVIDUALS IN A PARTICULAR LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP; AS INTAKE INCREASES ABOVE UL, POTENTIAL RISK OF ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS INCREASES

A

TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL (UL)

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18
Q

CAN CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS WHEN A WOMEN IS TAKING TOO MUCH AT CONCEPTION AND DURING EARLY PREGNANCY

A

VITAMIN A

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19
Q

IF TAKEN TOO MUCH, WHAT VITAMIN CAN CAUSE CALCIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS AND EVENTUALLY DAMAGE FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS, HEART AND LUNGS

A

VITAMIN D

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20
Q

CAN CAUSE PERMANENT DAMAGE TO SENSORY NERVES IF TAKEN TOO MUCH OF

A

VITAMIN B6

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21
Q

EXCESS (AND INADEQUATE) CALCIUM INTAKE CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING WHAT ?

A

KIDNEY STONES

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22
Q

EXCESS INTAKE OF WHAT CAN INTERFERE W/ ABSORPTION OF OTHER MINERALS (SUCH AS ZINC) AND CAN CAUSE GASTROINTESTINAL IRRITATION

A

IRON

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23
Q

T OR F: NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS AND UL ARE SET FOR ALL INDIVIDUALS, HEALTHY AND THOSE THAT TAKE MEDS

A

FALSE, SET FOR NORMAL, HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

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24
Q

LARGE DOSES OF WHAT MAY INTERFERED W/ FOLIC ACID FUNCTION AND POTENTIALLY INCREASE FOLIC ACID REQUIREMENTS

A

LARGE DOSES OF ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUGS SUCH AS ASPIRIN AND IBUPROFEN

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25
Q

SUPPLEMENTATION OF WHAT VITAMINS CAN COMPLICATE CONDITIONS FOR PEOPLE ON ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY (OR BLOOD THINNERS)

A

VITAMIN E AND K

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26
Q

ON SUPP. FACTS PROTEIN, CARBS AND FATS ARE GENERALLY EXPRESSED IN WHAT QUANTITIES ?

A

GRAMS

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27
Q

ON SUPP FACTS, VITAMINS, AMINOS, AND FATTY ACIDS ARE GENERALLY EXPRESSING IN WHAT QUANTITIES ?

A

MILLIGRAM (MG) OR MICROGRAM (MCG OR UG) QUANTITIES

28
Q

ESTABLISHED SPECIFICALLY FOR FOOD LABELING AND ARE INTENDED TO PROVIDE THE CONSUMER WITH A FRAME OF REFERENCE THAT INDICATES HOW THE AMT. OF THE NUTRIENT PRESENT IN A FOOD OR SUPP COMPARES W/ APPROX. LEVELS OF RECOMMENDED INTAKE

A

DAILY VALUES (DV)

29
Q

BASED ON THE 1968 RDA FOR ADULTS (USING THE HIGHER OF 2 RECOMMENDED AMOUNTS)

A

DAILY VALUES (DV)

30
Q

THE AMOUNTS OF VITAMINS A,D, AND E ARE EXPRESSED ON SUPP. LABELS AS WHAT ?

A

INTERNATIONAL UNITS (IU)

31
Q

MOST COMMONLY USED SUPP THAT IS INTENDED T O COMPENSATE FOR NUTRIENT THAT MAY BE LIMITED IN A PERSONS DIET

A

MULTIPLE VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPP.

32
Q

SAFE LEVEL OF MOST NUTRIENTS IN A MULTI-VIT/MIN SHOULD BE AROUND WHAT % OF DV ?

A

1005 OF DV

33
Q

WHAT VITAMIN, IF PRESENT IN A SUPP. ONLY AS RETINOL RATHER THAN CAROTENE, SHOULD BE LESS THAN 100% OF DV ?

A

VITAMIN A

34
Q

HIGH INTAKE OF WHAT IS ASSOCIATED W/ INCREASED INCIDENCE OF HIP FRACTURE IN OLDER WOMEN

A

HIGH INTAKE OF RETINOL BUT NOT B-CAROTENE

35
Q

FOR BEST ABSORPTION, ITS PREFERABLE TO CONSUME CALCIUM HOW ?

A

WITH MEALS, SPACED THROUGHOUT DAY

36
Q

IRON DEFICIENCY HAS BEEN SHOWN TO AFFECT WHAT ?

A

BOTH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FUNCTION ADVERSELY

37
Q

DEFICIENCY OF WHAT VITAMINS CAN AFFECT MENTAL FUNCTIONS AND EMOTIONAL STATE

A

B VITAMINS

38
Q

MOST COMMONLY SEEN IN ELDERLY AND IN THOSE WHO AVOID CONSUMING ANIMAL FOODS

A

VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY

39
Q

THE AMT. OF EACH NUTRIENT IN A SUPP. THAT IS MOST APPROPRIATE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL DEPENDS ON WHAT ?

A

AMT. OF NUTRIENTS IN DIET

40
Q

B-CAROTENE IS CONTRAINDICATED IN WHAT PEOPLE ?

A

SMOKERS

41
Q

T OR F: CALCIUM SHOULD BE AT LOW LEVELS OR ABSENT IN MULTI-VIT/MIN

A

TRUE

42
Q

PEOPLE ARE MORE LIKELY TO CONSUME EXCESSIVE AMTS. OF WHICH NUTRIENTS FROM SUPPS. AND FORTIFIED FOODS COMBINED ?

A

VITAMIN A AND D, IRON AND ZINC

43
Q

WORK GENERATING, SOMETHING THAT ENHANCES ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE

A

ERGOGENIC

44
Q

SYNTHESIZED NATURALLY IN HUMAN BODY FROM AMINO ACIDS METHIONINE, GLYCINE AND ARGININE

A

CREATINE

45
Q

IN RESTING SKELETAL MUSCLE, ABOUT 2/3 OF THIS EXIST IN PHOSPHORYLATED FORM THAT CAN RAPIDLY REGENERATE ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPAHTE) FROM ADP (ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE) TO MAINTAIN HIGH INTENSITY MUSCULAR EFFORTS FOR ABOUT 10 SECS

A

CREATINE

46
Q

CREATINE SUPP COMBINED W/ STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM HAS BEEN SHOWN TO INCREASE WHAT ?

A

MUSCLE MASS, STRENGTH AND ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE

47
Q

CREATINE SUPP. AS PART OF A STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM TYPICALLY CAUSES AN INITIAL WT GAIN OF 4-5 LBS THAT MAY BE CAUSED BY WHAT ?

A

OSMOTIC EFFECT OF CREATINE DRAWING WATER INTO MUSCLES ALONE W/ INCREASES MUSCLE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

48
Q

MAINTENANCE DOSE OF CREATINE, SAFE FOR NORMAL HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS FOR UP TO 5 YEARS

A

2-5 G/DAY FOR MAINTENANCE

49
Q

PEOPLE WITH WHAT PROBLEMS SHOULD USE CREATINE SUPPS. ONLY WITH MEDICAL GUIDANCE ?

A

KIDNEY PROBLEMS

50
Q

CREATINE PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN WHAT ?

A

NORMAL BRAIN FUNCTION

51
Q

CREATINE IS A SUBSTANCE FOUND NATURALLY IN WHAT FOODS ?

A

ANIMAL FOODS LIKE RED MEAT

52
Q

ACTS AS A STIMULANT THAT PRIMARILY AFFECTS CNS, HEART AND SKELETAL MUSCLES

A

CAFFEINE

53
Q

T OR F: CAFFEINE DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE AN ERGOGENIC EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SPRINT TYPE EFFORTS LASTING 90 SECS OR LESS

A

TRUE

54
Q

MOST EFFECTIVE ERGOGENIC RESPONSE OBSERVED WITH CAFFEINE IS WHEN WHAT DOSAGE IS INGESTED ABOUT 1 HOUR BEFORE EXERCISE

A

3-6 MG/KG

55
Q

CAFFEINE DOSES GREATER THAN WHAT GENERALLY SHOW LESS PERFORMANCE BENEFIT AND HAVE MORE RISK OF ADVERSE EFFECTS ?

A

6MG/KG

56
Q

WORLD ANTI DOPING AGENCY LIST MORE THAN 50 DIFFERENT STIMULANTS THAT ARE PROHIBITED IN SPORTS COMPETITION INCLUDING WHAT ?

A

AMPHETAMINES AND EPHEDRINE

57
Q

PRODUCED NATURALLY IN BODY AND CAN SERVE AS A PRECURSOR FOR ANDROSTENEDIONE THAT IN TURN CAN BE CONVERTED INTO TEST OR ESTROGENS

A

DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHEA)

58
Q

HIGH SERUM DHEA LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED W/ VARIOUS HEALTH RISK SUCH AS WHAT ?

A

CANCER

59
Q

DRUGS DESIGNED TO MIMIC EFFECTS OF TEST

A

ANDROGENIC ANABOLIC STEROIDS

60
Q

ANDROGENIC ANABOLIC STEROIDS TAKEN BY ADOLESCENTS CAN CAUSE WHAT ?

A

EARLY CLOSURE OF GROWTH PLATES IN BONES AND STUNT DEVELOPMENT OF NORMAL HT

61
Q

SIDE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE

A

INCREASE IN URINE PRODUCTION

62
Q

LARGE DOSES OF BETA CAROTENE INTAKE CAN CAUSE AN INCREASE RISK FOR WHAT ?

A

LUNG CANCER IN SMOKERS

63
Q

AN EXAMPLE OF A DIETARY SUPP

A

A MULTI-VITAMIN

64
Q

HIGHEST AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL LIKELY TO POSE NO RISK OF ADVERSE HEALTH AFFECTS TO ALMOST ALL INDIVIDUALS IN A PARTICULAR LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP

A

TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL

65
Q

MICRONUTRIENT THAT SHOULD BE AT LOW LEVELS OR ABSENT IN A MULTIVITAMIN

A

CALCIUM

66
Q

DOSAGE FOR CAFFEINE ABOUT 1 HOUR BEFORE EXERCISE TO PROVIDE MOST EFFECTIVE ERGOGENIC RESPONSE

A

3-6 MG/KG

NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE (27 decks)

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