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NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE > CH.18 SUPPLEMENTATION > Flashcards

CH.18 SUPPLEMENTATION Flashcards

1
Q

substance that completes or makes an addition to daily dietary intake

A

dietary supplement

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2
Q

PASSED IN 1994, PROVIDING A DETAILED LEGAL DEFINITION OF THE TERM DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

A

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT HEALTH AND EDUCATION ACT (DSHEA)

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3
Q

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS MUST CONTAIN ONE OR MORE OF WHAT ?

A

VITAMIN, MINERAL, HERBS, AMINOS, DIETARY SUBSTANCE TO SUPPLEMENT DIET BY INCREASING TOTAL DIETARY INTAKE, CONCENTRATE, METABOLITE, CONSTITUENT, OR EXTRACT, OR COMBINATION OF ANY

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4
Q

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS CANNOT BE WHAT ?

A

REPRESENTED FOR USE AS CONVENTIONAL FOOD OR AS SOLE ITEM OF MEAL OR DIET OR INCLUDE AN ARTICLE THAT IS APPROVED AS DRUG OR BIOLOGIC

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5
Q

T OR F: FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) DOES NOT NEED TO APPROVE DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; RESPONSIBILITY FOR DETERMINING SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF DIETARY SUPP FALLS ON SHOULDERS OF COMPANY THAT MANUFACTURES AND MARKETS IT

A

TRUE

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6
Q

T OR F: CALORIE NEEDS GENERALLY DROP WITH AGE, AS WELL AS THE NEED FOR PROTEIN, VITAMINS AND MINERALS

A

FALSE; NEED FOR PROTEIN, VITAMINS AND MINERALS DOES NOT DECLINE

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7
Q

DIETARY SUPPS CONTAIN WHAT 2 THINGS ?

A

NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCES

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8
Q

IN THE USE, WHO PERIODICALLY REVIEWS CURRENT RESEARCH ON NUTRIENT NEEDS TO PROVIDE AUTHORITATIVE, UPDATE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NUTRIENT INTAKE

A

FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD (FNB) OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

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9
Q

VALUES FOR NUTRIENTS THAT PROVIDE GOOD GUIDELINES FOR WHAT CONSTITUTES AN ADEQUATE INTAKE OF A NUTRIENT

A

DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKE (DRI) VALUE

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10
Q

DRI’S MOST COMMONLY USED TO EVALUATE OR PLAN DIETS FOR INDIVIDUALS

A

RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE (RDA)
ADEQUATE INTAKE (AI)
TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL (UL)

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11
Q

OVERALL GOAL IN DESIGNING A HEALTHY DIET IS TO PROVIDE NUTRIENTS AT LEVELS THAT REPRESENT HIGH AND LOW PROBABILITY OF WHAT ?

A

HIGH PROBABILITY OF ADEQUATE INTAKE (MEETING RDA OR AI LEVELS)
LOW PROBABILITY OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE (NOT EXCEEDING UL VALUES)

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12
Q

EXCEPT FOR WHAT, THE VALUES ARE SET FOR TOTAL INTAKE OF EACH NUTRIENT FROM FOOD AND SUPP.

A

EXCEPT FOR VITAMIN E AND MAGNESIUM

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13
Q

UL FOR WHAT ARE SET FOR LEVELS OF INTAKE FROM SUPPS OR PHARMACOLOGIC SOURCES ONLY AND DO NOT INCLUDE DIETARY INTAKE

A

VITAMIN E AND MAGNESIUM

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14
Q

AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL THAT IS ESTIMATED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENT OF HALF THE HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE IN A PARTICULAR LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP

A

ESTIMATED AVERAGE REQUIREMENT (EAR)

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15
Q

AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL THAT IS SUFFICIENT TO MEET THE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT OF NEARLY ALL (97-98%) HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE IN A PARTICULAR LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP

A

RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE (RDA)

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16
Q

RECOMMENDED AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL, BASED ON OBSERVED (OR EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED) APPROXIMATIONS OR ESTIMATES OF NUTRIENT INTAKE THAT ARE ASSUMED TO BE ADEQUATE FOR A GROUP (OR GROUPS) OF HEALTHY PEOPLE; USED WHEN RDA CANNOT BE DETERMINED

A

ADEQUATE INTAKE (AI)

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17
Q

HIGHEST AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL LIKELY TO POSE NO RISK OF AVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS TO ALMOST ALL INDIVIDUALS IN A PARTICULAR LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP; AS INTAKE INCREASES ABOVE UL, POTENTIAL RISK OF ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS INCREASES

A

TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL (UL)

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18
Q

CAN CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS WHEN A WOMEN IS TAKING TOO MUCH AT CONCEPTION AND DURING EARLY PREGNANCY

A

VITAMIN A

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19
Q

IF TAKEN TOO MUCH, WHAT VITAMIN CAN CAUSE CALCIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS AND EVENTUALLY DAMAGE FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS, HEART AND LUNGS

A

VITAMIN D

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20
Q

CAN CAUSE PERMANENT DAMAGE TO SENSORY NERVES IF TAKEN TOO MUCH OF

A

VITAMIN B6

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21
Q

EXCESS (AND INADEQUATE) CALCIUM INTAKE CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING WHAT ?

A

KIDNEY STONES

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22
Q

EXCESS INTAKE OF WHAT CAN INTERFERE W/ ABSORPTION OF OTHER MINERALS (SUCH AS ZINC) AND CAN CAUSE GASTROINTESTINAL IRRITATION

A

IRON

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23
Q

T OR F: NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS AND UL ARE SET FOR ALL INDIVIDUALS, HEALTHY AND THOSE THAT TAKE MEDS

A

FALSE, SET FOR NORMAL, HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

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24
Q

LARGE DOSES OF WHAT MAY INTERFERED W/ FOLIC ACID FUNCTION AND POTENTIALLY INCREASE FOLIC ACID REQUIREMENTS

A

LARGE DOSES OF ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUGS SUCH AS ASPIRIN AND IBUPROFEN

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25
SUPPLEMENTATION OF WHAT VITAMINS CAN COMPLICATE CONDITIONS FOR PEOPLE ON ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY (OR BLOOD THINNERS)
VITAMIN E AND K
26
ON SUPP. FACTS PROTEIN, CARBS AND FATS ARE GENERALLY EXPRESSED IN WHAT QUANTITIES ?
GRAMS
27
ON SUPP FACTS, VITAMINS, AMINOS, AND FATTY ACIDS ARE GENERALLY EXPRESSING IN WHAT QUANTITIES ?
MILLIGRAM (MG) OR MICROGRAM (MCG OR UG) QUANTITIES
28
ESTABLISHED SPECIFICALLY FOR FOOD LABELING AND ARE INTENDED TO PROVIDE THE CONSUMER WITH A FRAME OF REFERENCE THAT INDICATES HOW THE AMT. OF THE NUTRIENT PRESENT IN A FOOD OR SUPP COMPARES W/ APPROX. LEVELS OF RECOMMENDED INTAKE
DAILY VALUES (DV)
29
BASED ON THE 1968 RDA FOR ADULTS (USING THE HIGHER OF 2 RECOMMENDED AMOUNTS)
DAILY VALUES (DV)
30
THE AMOUNTS OF VITAMINS A,D, AND E ARE EXPRESSED ON SUPP. LABELS AS WHAT ?
INTERNATIONAL UNITS (IU)
31
MOST COMMONLY USED SUPP THAT IS INTENDED T O COMPENSATE FOR NUTRIENT THAT MAY BE LIMITED IN A PERSONS DIET
MULTIPLE VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPP.
32
SAFE LEVEL OF MOST NUTRIENTS IN A MULTI-VIT/MIN SHOULD BE AROUND WHAT % OF DV ?
1005 OF DV
33
WHAT VITAMIN, IF PRESENT IN A SUPP. ONLY AS RETINOL RATHER THAN CAROTENE, SHOULD BE LESS THAN 100% OF DV ?
VITAMIN A
34
HIGH INTAKE OF WHAT IS ASSOCIATED W/ INCREASED INCIDENCE OF HIP FRACTURE IN OLDER WOMEN
HIGH INTAKE OF RETINOL BUT NOT B-CAROTENE
35
FOR BEST ABSORPTION, ITS PREFERABLE TO CONSUME CALCIUM HOW ?
WITH MEALS, SPACED THROUGHOUT DAY
36
IRON DEFICIENCY HAS BEEN SHOWN TO AFFECT WHAT ?
BOTH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FUNCTION ADVERSELY
37
DEFICIENCY OF WHAT VITAMINS CAN AFFECT MENTAL FUNCTIONS AND EMOTIONAL STATE
B VITAMINS
38
MOST COMMONLY SEEN IN ELDERLY AND IN THOSE WHO AVOID CONSUMING ANIMAL FOODS
VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
39
THE AMT. OF EACH NUTRIENT IN A SUPP. THAT IS MOST APPROPRIATE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL DEPENDS ON WHAT ?
AMT. OF NUTRIENTS IN DIET
40
B-CAROTENE IS CONTRAINDICATED IN WHAT PEOPLE ?
SMOKERS
41
T OR F: CALCIUM SHOULD BE AT LOW LEVELS OR ABSENT IN MULTI-VIT/MIN
TRUE
42
PEOPLE ARE MORE LIKELY TO CONSUME EXCESSIVE AMTS. OF WHICH NUTRIENTS FROM SUPPS. AND FORTIFIED FOODS COMBINED ?
VITAMIN A AND D, IRON AND ZINC
43
WORK GENERATING, SOMETHING THAT ENHANCES ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE
ERGOGENIC
44
SYNTHESIZED NATURALLY IN HUMAN BODY FROM AMINO ACIDS METHIONINE, GLYCINE AND ARGININE
CREATINE
45
IN RESTING SKELETAL MUSCLE, ABOUT 2/3 OF THIS EXIST IN PHOSPHORYLATED FORM THAT CAN RAPIDLY REGENERATE ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPAHTE) FROM ADP (ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE) TO MAINTAIN HIGH INTENSITY MUSCULAR EFFORTS FOR ABOUT 10 SECS
CREATINE
46
CREATINE SUPP COMBINED W/ STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM HAS BEEN SHOWN TO INCREASE WHAT ?
MUSCLE MASS, STRENGTH AND ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE
47
CREATINE SUPP. AS PART OF A STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM TYPICALLY CAUSES AN INITIAL WT GAIN OF 4-5 LBS THAT MAY BE CAUSED BY WHAT ?
OSMOTIC EFFECT OF CREATINE DRAWING WATER INTO MUSCLES ALONE W/ INCREASES MUSCLE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
48
MAINTENANCE DOSE OF CREATINE, SAFE FOR NORMAL HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS FOR UP TO 5 YEARS
2-5 G/DAY FOR MAINTENANCE
49
PEOPLE WITH WHAT PROBLEMS SHOULD USE CREATINE SUPPS. ONLY WITH MEDICAL GUIDANCE ?
KIDNEY PROBLEMS
50
CREATINE PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN WHAT ?
NORMAL BRAIN FUNCTION
51
CREATINE IS A SUBSTANCE FOUND NATURALLY IN WHAT FOODS ?
ANIMAL FOODS LIKE RED MEAT
52
ACTS AS A STIMULANT THAT PRIMARILY AFFECTS CNS, HEART AND SKELETAL MUSCLES
CAFFEINE
53
T OR F: CAFFEINE DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE AN ERGOGENIC EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SPRINT TYPE EFFORTS LASTING 90 SECS OR LESS
TRUE
54
MOST EFFECTIVE ERGOGENIC RESPONSE OBSERVED WITH CAFFEINE IS WHEN WHAT DOSAGE IS INGESTED ABOUT 1 HOUR BEFORE EXERCISE
3-6 MG/KG
55
CAFFEINE DOSES GREATER THAN WHAT GENERALLY SHOW LESS PERFORMANCE BENEFIT AND HAVE MORE RISK OF ADVERSE EFFECTS ?
6MG/KG
56
WORLD ANTI DOPING AGENCY LIST MORE THAN 50 DIFFERENT STIMULANTS THAT ARE PROHIBITED IN SPORTS COMPETITION INCLUDING WHAT ?
AMPHETAMINES AND EPHEDRINE
57
PRODUCED NATURALLY IN BODY AND CAN SERVE AS A PRECURSOR FOR ANDROSTENEDIONE THAT IN TURN CAN BE CONVERTED INTO TEST OR ESTROGENS
DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHEA)
58
HIGH SERUM DHEA LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED W/ VARIOUS HEALTH RISK SUCH AS WHAT ?
CANCER
59
DRUGS DESIGNED TO MIMIC EFFECTS OF TEST
ANDROGENIC ANABOLIC STEROIDS
60
ANDROGENIC ANABOLIC STEROIDS TAKEN BY ADOLESCENTS CAN CAUSE WHAT ?
EARLY CLOSURE OF GROWTH PLATES IN BONES AND STUNT DEVELOPMENT OF NORMAL HT
61
SIDE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE
INCREASE IN URINE PRODUCTION
62
LARGE DOSES OF BETA CAROTENE INTAKE CAN CAUSE AN INCREASE RISK FOR WHAT ?
LUNG CANCER IN SMOKERS
63
AN EXAMPLE OF A DIETARY SUPP
A MULTI-VITAMIN
64
HIGHEST AVERAGE DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE LEVEL LIKELY TO POSE NO RISK OF ADVERSE HEALTH AFFECTS TO ALMOST ALL INDIVIDUALS IN A PARTICULAR LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP
TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL
65
MICRONUTRIENT THAT SHOULD BE AT LOW LEVELS OR ABSENT IN A MULTIVITAMIN
CALCIUM
66
DOSAGE FOR CAFFEINE ABOUT 1 HOUR BEFORE EXERCISE TO PROVIDE MOST EFFECTIVE ERGOGENIC RESPONSE
3-6 MG/KG

NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE (27 decks)

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