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NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE > CH.3 CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

CH.3 CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

SYSTEM OF BODY COMPOSED OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

A

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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2
Q

SYSTEM OF THE BODY COMPOSED OF THE HEART, BLOOD AND BLOOD VESSELS

A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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3
Q

INCLUDES TRACHEA, BRONCHI, ALVEOLI AND LUNGS

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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4
Q

WORK TOGETHER TO PROVIDE BODY WITH ADEQUATE O2 AND NUTRIENTS AND TO REMOVE WASTE PRODUCTS SUCH AS CO2 FROM CELLS

A

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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5
Q

HOLLOW MUSCULAR ORGAN THAT PUMPS A CIRCULATION OF BLOOD BY MEANS OF RHYTHMIC CONTRACTION

A

HEART

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6
Q

SPACE IN THE CHEST BETWEEN THE LUNGS THAT CONTAINS ALL THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF THE CHEST EXCEPT THE LUNGS

A

MEDIASTINUM

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7
Q

HEART IS CONTAINED WHERE ?

A

MEDIASTINUM

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8
Q

IRREGULARLY SPACED DARK BANDS BETWEEN CARDIAC CELLS

A

INTERCALATED DISCS

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9
Q

HELP HOLD MUSCLE CELLS TOGETHER DURING CONTRACTION AND CREATE AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE CELLS THAT ALLOWS THE HEART TO CONTRACT AS ONE FUNCTIONAL UNIT

A

INTERCALATED DISCS

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10
Q

TYPICAL RESTING HR

A

70-80 BPM

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11
Q

SPECIALIZED AREA OF CARDIAC TISSUE, LOCATED IN RIGHT ATRIUM OF HEART, WHICH INITIATES ELECTRICAL IMPULSES THAT DETERMINE HEART RATE; “PACEMAKER” OF THE HEART

A

SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

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12
Q

SMALL MASS OF SPECIALIZED CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBERS, LOCATED IN THE WALL OF RIGHT ATRIUM OF HEART, RECEIVES HEARTBEAT IMPULSES FROM SA NODE AND DIRECTS THEM TO WALLS OF VENTRICLES

A

ATRIVENTRICULAR (AV) NODE

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13
Q

SUPERIOR CHAMBER OF THE HEART THAT RECEIVES BLOOD FROM THE VEINS AND FORCES IT INTO THE VENTRICLES

A

ATRIUM

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14
Q

INFERIOR CHAMBER OF THE HEART THAT RECEIVES BLOOD FROM ITS CORRESPONDING ATRIUM AND IN TURN FORCES BLOOD INTO THE ARTERIES

A

VENTRICLE

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15
Q

STIMULATES THE MECHANICAL MYOCARDIAL CELLS TO CONTRACT IN A REGULAR RHYTHMIC PATTERN

A

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM

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16
Q

TRANSFER IMPULSES FROM SA TO AV NODE

A

INTERNODAL PATHWAYS

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17
Q

DELAYS IMPULSES BEFORE ALLOWING IT TO MOVE ON TO VENTRICLES

A

AV NODE

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18
Q

AV BUNDLE CONDUCTS IMPULSES TO VENTRICLES FOR CONTRACTION VIA WHAT ?

A

VIA LEFT AND RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCHES OF THE PURKINJE FIBERS

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19
Q

SEPARATES THE ATRIA

A

INTERATRIAL SEPTUM

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20
Q

SEPARATES THE VENTRICLES

A

INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

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21
Q

REFERRED TO AS PULMONIC SIDE, RECEIVES BLOOD FROM BODY THAT IS LOW ON O2 AND HIGH IN CO2 (DEOXYGENATED) AND PUMPS IT TO THE LUNGS

A

RIGHT SIDE OF HEART

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22
Q

REFERRED TO AS SYSTEMIC SIDE, PUMPS BLOOD HIGH ON O2 AND LOW IN CO2 (OXYGENATED) TO REST OF BODY

A

LEFT SIDE OF HEART

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23
Q

GATHERS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD RETURNING TO HEART FROM ENTIRE BODY

A

RIGHT ATRIUM

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24
Q

GATHERS OXYGENATED BLOOD COMING TO HEART FROM LUNGS

A

LEFT ATRIUM

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25
Q

HAS THIN WALLS AND PUMPS UNDER LOW PRESSURE

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

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26
Q

THICK WALLS AND PUMPS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE

A

LEFT VENTRICLE

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27
Q

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES

A

TRICUSPID AND MITRAL VALVES

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28
Q

SEMILUNAR VALVES

A

PULMONARY AND AORTIC VALVES

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29
Q

AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED OUT OF HEART WITH EACH CONTRACTION

A

STROKE VOLUME

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30
Q

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VENTRICULAR END DIASTOLIC VOLUME (EDV) AND END SYSTOLIC VOLUME (ESV)

A

STROVE VOLUME (SV)

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31
Q

FILLED VOLUME OF VENTRICLE BEFORE CONTRACTION

A

END DIASTOLIC VOLUME (EDV)

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32
Q

RESIDUAL VOLUME OF BLOOD REMAINING IN VENTRICLE AFTER EJECTION

A

END SYSTOLIC VOLUME (ESV)

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33
Q

TYPICAL HEART, EDV AND ESV

A 
EDV= 120 ML BLOOD
ESV= 50 ML
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34
Q

RATE AT WHICH HEART PUMPS

A

HEART RATE (HR)

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35
Q

HR X SV, OVERALL PERFORMANCE OF HEART

A

CARDIAC OUTPUT (Q)

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36
Q

VOLUME OF BLOOD PUMPED BY HEART PER MIN (ML BLOOD/MIN)

A

CARDIAC OUTPUT

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37
Q

FLUID THAT CIRCULATES IN HEART, ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES AND VEINS AND CARRIES NUTRIENTS AND O2 TO ALL PARTS OF BODY, ALSO RIDS BODY OF WASTE PRODUCTS

A

BLOOD

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38
Q

BLOOD HELPS REGULATE WHAT ?

A

BODY TEMPERATURE, FIGHT INFECTIONS AND REMOVE WASTE PRODUCTS

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39
Q

BLOOD CONSISTS OF CELLS SUSPENDED IN WATERY LIQUID CALLED WHAT ?

40
Q

CONTAINS NUTRIENTS SUCH AS GLUCOSE, HORMONES AND CLOTTING AGENTS

41
Q

3 KIND OF CELLS IN BLOOD

A

RED BLOOD CELLS, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, AND PLATELETS

42
Q

CELLS THAT CARRY O2 FROM LUNGS THROUGHOUT BODY

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

43
Q

CELLS THAT HELPS FIGHT INFECTION

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

44
Q

CELLS THAT HELP WITH CLOTTING

45
Q

MAKES UP ABOUT 55% OF TOTAL VOLUME OF BLOOD

46
Q

45% OF BLOOD MADE UP OF WHAT ?

A

RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND PLATELETS

47
Q

AVERAGE ADULT BODY CONTAINS HOW MUCH BLOOD ?

A

4-6 L OF BLOOD

48
Q

TRANSPORT HORMONES THAT ACT AS CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND NUTRIENTS FROM GI TRACT TO VARIOUS ORGANS AND TISSUES AND HELP REMOVE HEAT FROM INTERNAL TO EXTERNAL REGIONS OF BODY

49
Q

ESSENTIAL IN REGULATION OF PH LEVELS (ACID BALANCE) IN BODY AS WELL AS MAINTAIN WATER CONTENT OF BODY CELLS

50
Q

NETWORK OF HOLLOW TUBES THAT CIRCULATE BLOOD THROUGHOUT BODY

A

BLOOD VESSELS

51
Q

VESSELS THAT TRANSPORT BLOOD AWAY FROM HEART

52
Q

SMALLEST BLOOD VESSELS, SITE OF EXCHANGE OF CHEMICALS AND WATER BETWEEN BLOOD AND TISSUES

A

CAPILLARIES

53
Q

3 MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS

A

ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, VEINS

54
Q

VESSELS THAT TRANSPORT BLOOD FROM THE CAPILLARIES TOWARD HEART

55
Q

SMALL TERMINAL BRANCHES OF ARTERY, WHICH END IN CAPILLARIES

A

ARTERIOLES

56
Q

VERY SMALL VEINS THAT CONNECT CAPILLARIES TO LARGER VEINS

57
Q

LARGEST ARTERY IN THE BODY

58
Q

WHERE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS O2, NUTRIENTS, HORMONES, AND WASTE PRODUCTS ARE EXCHANGED BETWEEN TISSUES

A

CAPILLARIES

59
Q

VESSELS THAT COLLECT BLOOD FROM CAPILLARIES AND PROGRESSIVELY MERGE TO FORM VEINS

60
Q

SYSTEM OF ORGANS (THE LUNGS AND RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS) THAT COLLECTS O2 FROM EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND TRANSPORTS IT TO BLOODSTREAM

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (PULMONARY SYSTEM)

61
Q

PRIMARY ROLE OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

ENSURE PROPER CELLULAR FUNCTION

62
Q

COMPOSED OF SKELETAL STRUCTURES (BONES) AND SOFT TISSUES (MUSCLES) THAT WORK TOGETHER TO ALLOW PROPER RESPIRATORY MECHANICS TO OCCUR AND HELP PUMP BLOOD BACK TO HEART DURING INSPIRATION

A

RESPIRATORY PUMP

63
Q

PROCESS OF ACTIVELY CONTRACTING INSPIRATORY MUSCLES TO MOVE AIR INTO THE BODY

A

INSPIRATION

64
Q

PROCESS OF ACTIVELY OR PASSIVELY RELAXING THE INSPIRATORY MUSCLES TO MOVE AIR OUT OF BODY

A

EXPIRATION

65
Q

2 FORMS OF INSPIRATORY VENTILATION

A 
NORMAL RESTING STATE (QUIET) BREATHING 
AND HEAVY (DEEP, FORCED) BREATHING
66
Q

NORMAL BREATHING REQUIRES THE USE OF WHAT ?

A

PRIMARY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES (I.E. DIAPHRAGM, EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS)

67
Q

HEAVY BREATHING REQUIRES USE OF WHAT ?

A

ADDITIONAL USE OF SECONDARY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES (I.E. SCALENES, PECTORALIS MINOR)

68
Q

T OR F: EXPIRATORY VENTILATION CAN BE BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

69
Q

DURING INSPIRATION INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE DECREASES CAUSING WHAT IN THE HEART ?

A

CAUSES DROP IN PRESSURE IN RIGHT ATRIUM AND HELPS IMPROVE BLOOD FLOW BACK TO THE HEART

70
Q

2 CATEGORIES OF RESPIRATORY PASSAGES

A

CONDUCTING AIRWAYS AND RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS

71
Q

CONSISTS OF ALL STRUCTURES THAT AIR TRAVELS THROUGH BEFORE ENTERING RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS

A

CONDUCTING AIRWAYS

72
Q

BONES OF RESPIRATORY PUMP

A

STERNUM, RIBS, VERTEBRAE

73
Q

RESPIRATORY PUMP - MUSCLES INSPIRATION

A

DIAPHRAGM, EXTERANL INTERCOSTALS, SCALENES, STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID, PECTORALIS MINOR

74
Q

RESPIRATORY PUMP - EXPIRATION MUSCLES

A

INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS, ABDOMINALS

75
Q

CONDUCTING AIRWAYS

A

NASAL AND ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, LARYNX, TRACHEA, RIGHT AND LEFT PULMONARY BRONCHI, BRONCHIOLES

76
Q

RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS

A

ALVEOLI, ALVEOLAR SACS

77
Q

PROCESS OF GETTING O2 FROM ENVIRONMENT TO TISSUES OF BODY

78
Q

WHERE ARE GASES SUCH AS O2 AND CO2 TRANSPORTED IN AND OUT OF BLOODSTREAM

A

ALVEOLAR SACS

79
Q

AS CELLS OF BODY USE O2 THEY PRODUCE WHAT ?

A

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

80
Q

USE OF O2 BY BODY IS KNOWN AS WAHT ?

A

OXYGEN UPTAKE (O2 CONSUMPTION)

81
Q

RESTING O2 CONSUMPTION (VO2)

A

APPROXIMATELY 3.5 ML OF O2 PER KG OF BODY WEIGHT PER MIN

82
Q

TYPICALLY TERMED 1 METABOLIC EQUIVALENT (1 MET)

A

RESTING VO2

83
Q

Q X A - VO2 DIFFERENCE =

84
Q

EQUATIONFOR 2 CONSUMPTION IS KNOWN AS WHAT ?

A

FICK EQUATION

85
Q

FICK EQUATION =

A

VO2 = PRODUCT OF CARDIAC OUTPUT (Q) OR (HR X SV) TIMES ARTERIAL VENOUS DIFFERENCE (DIFFERNECE IN O2 CONTENT B/W BLOOD IN ARTERIES AND BLOOD IN VEINS) A- VO2

86
Q

HIGHEST RATE OF O2 TRANSPORT AND UTILIZATION ACHIEVED AT MAXIMAL PHYSICAL EXERTION

A

MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (VO2 MAX)

87
Q

SHALLOW BREATHING CAUSES USE OF WHAT ?

A

OVERUSE SECONDARY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES SUCH AS SCALENES, STERNOCLEDIOMASTOID, LEVATOR SCAPULAE AND UPPER TRAPEZIUS

88
Q

T OR F: RESPIRATORY MUSCLES PLAY MAJOR POSTURAL ROLE IN HUMAN MOVEMENT SYSTEM, ALL CONNECTING DIRECTLY TO CERVICAL AND CRANIAL PORTIONS

89
Q

LEADS TO ALTERED CO2 AND O2 BLOOD CONTENT AND CAN LEAD TO FEELINGS OF ANXIETY THAT

A

EXCESSIVE BREATHING (SHORT, SHALLOW BREATHS)

90
Q

INADEQUATE O2 AND RETENTION OF METABOLIC WASTE WITHIN MUSCLES CAN CREATE WHAT ?

A

FATIGUED, STIFF MUSCLES

91
Q

HEAVY BREATHING INCREASES ACTIVITY LEVEL IN WHAT ?

A

SCALENES (SECONDARY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES)

92
Q

SYSTEM OF ORGANS THAT COLLECTS O2 FROM OUTSIDE AND TRANSPORT IT TO BLOODSTREAM

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

93
Q

ARTERIOLES BRANCH OUT TO WHAT ?

A

CAPILLARIES

94
Q

SMALL TERMINAL BRANCH OF ARTERY WHICH ENDS IN CAPILLARIES

A

ARTERIOLES

95
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT RESTING HR

A 
DIGESTION
MENTAL ACTIVITY
ENVIRONMENTAL TEMP 
BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
BODY POSITIONS 
AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS
96
Q

FOR GREATEST ACCURACY, RESTING HR SHOULD BE MEASURED WHEN ?

A

ON WAKING OR AT LEAST AFTER 5 MINUTES OF COMPLETE REST (3 MEASUREMENTS SAME TIME EVERY DAY)

NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE (27 decks)

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