CH.16 CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS AND PHYSICAL OR FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS Flashcards
REFERS TO CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS B/W AGES 6-20
YOUTH
CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS STATE THAT CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SHOULD GET HOW MUCH TIME OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DAILY ?
60 MINUTES (1 HOUR)
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SHOULD ENGAGE IN WHAT DAILY TO IMPROVE THEIR HEALTH AND REDUCE THEIR RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASE ?
ENGAGE IN AEROBIC, MUSCLE STRENGTHENING, AND BONE STRENGTHENING ACTIVITIES DAILY
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION (NASPE) RECOMMENDS THAT CHILDREN AGES 5-12 GET HOW MANY MINUTES OF EXERCISE ?
60 MINUTES AND UP TO SEVERAL HOURS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DAILY
T OR F: OPT MODEL USED WITH YOUTHS, PROGRESS IS SPECIFIC TO THEIR PHYSIOLOGIC CAPABILITIES
TRUE
CHILDREN DO NOT TYPICALLY EXHIBIT A PLATEAU IN WHAT AT MAXIMAL EXERCISE ?
IN OXYGEN UPTAKE
MORE APPROPRIATE TERM THAN VO2MAX OR MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE WHEN DEALING WITH CHILDREN
PEAK OXYGEN UPTAKE
ADJUSTED FOR BODY WT, PEAK OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IS SIMILAR FOR YOUNG AND MATURE MALE AND HOW FOR FEMALES ?
SLIGHTLY HIGHER FOR YOUNG FEMALES (COMPARED W/ MATURE FEMALES)
CHILDREN ARE LESS EFFICIENT AND TEND TO EXERCISE AT HIGHER % OF THEIR PEAK OXYGEN UPTAKE DURING SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE COMPARED TO ADULTS
SUBMAXIMAL OXYGEN DEMAND (OR ECONOMY OF MOVEMENT)
CHILDREN DO NOT PRODUCE SUFFICIENT LEVELS OF WHAT TO BE ABLE TO SUSTAIN BOUTS OF HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE
GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES
CHILDREN HAVE IMMATURE WHAT, INCLUDING BOTH A DELAYED RESPONSE AND LIMITED ABILITY TO SWEAT IN RESPONSE TO HOT, HUMID ENVIRONMENTS ?
IMMATURE THERMOREGULATORY SYSTEMS
B/C OF THEIR RELATIVELY HIGH PEAK O2 UPTAKE LEVELS, CHILDREN CAN PERFORM ENDURANCE ACTIVITIES FAIRLY WELL, ENABLING THEM TO TRAIN IN WHAT LEVEL OF OPT MODEL ?
STABILIZATION LEVEL (PHASE 1)
CHILDREN DO NOT TOLERATE EXERCISE IN HOT, HUMID ENVIRONMENTS B/C THEY HAVE HIGHER WHAT AND LOWER ABSOLUTE SWEATING RATE WHEN COMPARED TO ADULTS ?
HIGHER SUBMAXIMAL O2 DEMANDS
VIGOROUS EXERCISE IN HOT, HUMID ENVIRONMENTS SHOULD BE RESTRICTED FOR CHILDREN TO LESS THAN HOW MUCH TIME, INCLUDING FREQUENT REST PERIODS?
LESS THAN 30 MINUTES
CHILDREN ARE AT DISTINCT DISADVANTAGE WHEN PARTICIPATING IN SHORT DURATION (10-90 SECS) HIGH INTENSITY ANAEROBIC ACTIVITIES B/C THEY PRODUCE LESS WHAT THAT ARE REQUIRED TO SUPPORT SUSTAINED ANAEROBIC POWER ?
LESS GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES
RESISTANCE TRAINING FOR HEALTH AND FITNESS CONDITIONING IN YOUTH ALSO RESULTS IN LOWER WHAT ?
RISK OF INJURY
MOST COMMON INJURIES ASSOCIATED W/ RESISTANCE TRAINING IN YOUTH ARE WHAT, USUALLY ATTRIBUTED TO LACK OF SUPERVISION, POOR TECHNIQUE AND IMPROPER PROGRESSION ?
SPRAINS (INJURY TO LIGAMENTS) AND STRAINS (INJURY TO TENDON OR MUSCLE)
UNTRAINED CHILDREN CAN IMPROVE THEIR STRENGTH BY AN AVERAGE OF 30-40% AFTER HOW MANY WEEKS OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING ?
8 WEEKS
RESISTANCE TRAINING IN YOUTH HAS BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE WHAT ?
MOTOR SKILLS SUCH AS SPRINTING AND JUMPING, BODY COMPOSITION AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY
IMPROVEMENT IN STRENGTH AND PERFORMANCE AFTER RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM IN YOUTH APPEAR TO BE OWING TO WHAT VERSUS MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY ?
NEURAL ADAPTATIONS
PROGRESSION INTO PHASES 2-5 FOR A YOUTH CLIENT SHOULD BE DECIDED ON BASIS OF WHAT ?
MATURITY LEVEL, DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL (FLEXIBILITY AND STABILITY) AND HOW THEY HAVE RESPONDED TO TRAINING
AS AMERICAS POPULATION AGES, WE ARE FACED W/ DEALING W/ ISSUES SUCH AS WHAT ?
MORTALITY, LONGEVITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE
TYPICAL FORMS OF DEGENERATION ASSOCIATED W/ AGING INCLUDE WHAT ?
OSTEOPOROSIS
ARTHRITIS (OSTEOARTHRITIS)
LBP
AND OBESITY
RESISTANCE TRAINING FOR YOUTHS; SETS, REPS AND DAYS PER WEEK
1-2 SETS
8-1 REPS @40-70%
2-3 DAYS/ WEEK
MODERATE TO VIGOROUS CARDIO EXERCISE TRAINING TIME AND DAYS/WEEK
5-7 DAYS/ WEEK
60 MINUTES
GENERAL TERM THAT REFERS TO HARDENING (AND LOSS OF ELASTICITY) OF ARTERIES
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
BUILDUP OF FATTY PLAQUES IN ARTERIES THAT LEADS TO NARROWING AND REDUCED BLOOD FLOW
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
GROUP OF DISEASES IN WHICH BLOOD VESSELS BECOME RESTRICTED OR BLOCKED, TYPICALLY AS A RESULT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
MEANING RELATED TO DISEASE
PATHOLOGIC
PROCESS OF AGING THAT LEADS TO GREATER RESISTANCE BLOOD FLOW AND HIGHER BP
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
CAUSED LARGELY BY POOR LIFESTYLE CHOICES (SMOKING, OBESITY, SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE, ETC), LEADS TO INCREASED RESISTANCE AND BP
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
DISEASE RELATED CAUSE OF HTN, TYPICAL IN ARTERY OF LOWER LEG
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
PREHYPERTENSIVE BP
BP B/W 120/80 AND 139/89
T OR F: ALL INDIVIDUALS REGARDLESS OF THEIR AGE WHO HAVE A BP READING OF 140/90 OR HIGHER SHOULD BE REFERRED TO A PHYSICIAN FOR FURTHER EVAL
TRUE
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGIC AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED W/ AGING
REDUCTION IN: MAXIMAL ATTAINABLE HR CARDIAC OUTPUT MUSCLE MASS BALANCE COORDINATION (NEUROMUSCULAR EFFICIENCY) CONNECTIVE TISSUE ELASTICITY BONE MINERAL DENSITY
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES AFFECTED W/ DEGENERATIVE AGING IS WHAT ?
WALKING
INDIVIDUALS W/ ONE OR MORE DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS TEND TO AVOID ENGAGING IN ACTIVITIES SUCH HAS RESISTANCE TRAINING B/C OF WHAT ?
FEAR OF INJURY OR FEELINGS ON INADEQUACY
LOSS OF MUSCLE STRENGTH AND NEURAL PROPRIOCEPTION CAN BE SLOWED AND EVEN REVERSED THROUGH WHAT ?
PARTICIPATION IN ROUTINE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
HELP PROVIDE INFO ABOUT AN INDIVIDUALS QUALITY OF MOVEMENT AS WELL AS ABILITY TO PERFORM ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING
SENIOR FITNESS TEST
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION W/ OLDER ADULTS B/C THEY TEND TO LOSE ELASTICITY OF THEIR CONNECTIVE TISSUE WHICH REDUCES MOVEMENT AND INCREASES RISK OF INJURY
FLEXIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING
WHAT TYPE OF STRETCHING IS ADVISED FOR OLDER ADULTS
SELF MYOFASCIAL RELEASE AND STATIC STRETCHING
RECOMMENDED FOR SENIORS TO HELP CLIENT TO START MOVING THEIR JOINTS DURING WARM UP
SIMPLE FORMS OF ACTIVE OR DYNAMIC STRETCHING
APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF CARDIO TRAINING FOR SENIOR POPULATION
STAGES 1 AND STAGES 2
WHAT PHASE OF OPT MODEL WILL BE APPLICABLE TO SENIOR POPULATION AND SHOULD BE PROGRESSED SLOWLY, WITH EMPHASIS ON STABILIZATION TRAINING (CORE, BALANCE, AND PROGRESSION TO STANDING RESISTANCE EXERCISE) ?
PHASE 1
INITIAL EXERCISE LOADS FOR SENIORS, DAYS/WEEK, DURATION AND INTENSITY
SHOULD BE LOW AND PROGRESSED MORE GRADUALLY TO 3-5 DAYS/ WEEK
20-45 MINS 45-80% OF PEAK
RESISTANCE TRAINING RECOMMENDED FOR SENIORS; SETS, REPS AND LENGTH
2-1-3 SETS OF 8-10 EXERCISES
8-20 REPS
20-30 MINS
CARDIO OPTIONS FOR SENIORS
STATIONARY OR RECUMBENT CYCLING, AQUATIC EXERCISE, OR TREADMILL WITH HANDRAIL SUPPORT
BASIC EXERCISE FREQUENCY FOR SENIORS
3-5 DAYS/ WEEK MODERATE INTENSITY OR
3 DAYS/WEEK OF VIGOROUS INTENSITY
BASIC EXERCISE INTENSITY FOR SENIORS
40-85% OF VO2 PEAK
BASIC EXERCISE DURATION FOR SENIORS
30-60 MINS/DAY OR
8-10 MINS BOUTS
BASIC EXERCISE MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT FOR SENIORS
PUSH, PULL, OH SQUAT OR
SITTING AND STANDING INTO CHAIR
SINGLE LEG BALANCE
BASIC EXERCISE FLEXIBILITY FOR SENIORS
SELF MYOFASCIALRELEASE AND STATIC STRETCHING
DURING BASIC EXERCISE, IF A SENIOR CANNOT TOLERATE SMR OR STATIC STRETCHES B/C OF OTHER CONDITIONS, THEY CAN PERFORM WHAT ?
RHYTHMIC ACTIVE OR DYNAMIC STRETCHES
CONDITION OF SUBCUTANEOUS FAT EXCEEDING THE AMOUNT OF LEAN BODY MASS
OBESITY
FASTEST GROWING HEALTH PROBLEM IN AMERICA AS WELL AS IN ALL OTHER INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES
OBESITY
APPROX. WHAT % OF AMERICANS ARE OVERWEIGHT ?
34% (APPROX. 72 MILLION)
COMPLEX DISEASE, ASSOCIATED W/ VARIETY OF CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS AS WELL AS EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS
OBESITY
USED TO ESTIMATE HEALTHY BODY WT RANGES BASED ON A PERSONS HT
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
DEFINED AS TOTAL BODY WT IN KG DIVIDED BY HT IN METERS SQUARED
BMI
BMI DOES NOT ACTUALLY MEASURE BODY COMPOSITION, OTHER TECHNIQUES SUCH AS WHAT MAY BE PERFORMED TO ASSIST IN DEVELOPING REALISTIC WT LOSS GOALS AND TO HELP PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO CLIENTS
SKIN FOLD OR CIRCUMFERENCE MEASUREMENTS
AVOIDED FOR OBESE INDIVIDUALS B/C ASSESSING BODY FAT CAN BE SENSITIVE SITUATION
SKIN FOLD CALIPERS
NORMAL LIMITS BMI
18.5-24.9