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NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE > CH.5 HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE > Flashcards

CH.5 HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE Flashcards

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1
Q

SCIENCE CONCERNED WITH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON THE HUMAN BODY AND EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THESE FORCES

A

BIOMECHANICS

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2
Q

POSITIONED ABOVE POINT OF REFERENCE

A

SUPERIOR

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3
Q

POSITIONED BELOW POINT OF REFERENCE

A

INFERIOR

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4
Q

POSITIONED NEAREST CENTER OF BODY OR POINT OF REFERENCE

A

PROXIMAL

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5
Q

POSITIONED FURTHEST FROM CENTER OF BODY OR POINT OF REFERENCE

A

DISTAL

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6
Q

FRONT OF BODY

A

ANTERIOR (VENTRAL)

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7
Q

BACK OF BODY

A

POSTERIOR (DORSAL)

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8
Q

POSITIONED NEAR MIDDLE OF BODY

A

MEDIAL

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9
Q

POSITIONED TOWARD OUTSIDE OF BODY

A

LATERAL

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10
Q

POSITIONED ON OPPOSITE SIDE OF BODY

A

CONTRALATERAL

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11
Q

POSITIONED ON SAME SIDE OF BODY

A

IPSILATERAL

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12
Q

3 IMAGINARY PLANES THAT ARE POSITIONED THROUGH THE BODY AT RIGHT ANGLES SO THEY INTERSECT THE CENTER OF MASS OF BODY

A

SAGITTAL, FRONTAL, AND TRANSVERSE

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13
Q

T OF F: NO MOTION OCCURS STRICTLY IN ONE PLANE OF MOTION

A

TRUE

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14
Q

TERMED FOR THEIR ACTION IN EACH OF THE 3 PLANES OF MOTION

A

JOINT MOTIONS

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15
Q

POSITION WITH THE BODY ERECT WITH ARMS AT SIDES AND PALMS FORWARD; OF IMPORTANCE IN ANATOMY BECAUSE IT IS THE POSITION OF REFERENCE FOR ANATOMIC NOMENCLATURE

A

ANATOMIC POSITION

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16
Q

IMAGINARY BISECTOR THAT DIVIDES BODY INTO LEFT AND RIGHT HALVES

A

SAGITTAL PLANE

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17
Q

BENDING MOVEMENT IN WHICH THE RELATIVE ANGLE B/W 2 ADJACENT SEGMENT DECREASES

A

FLEXION

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18
Q

MOTION THAT OCCURS AROUND A CORONAL AXIS

A

SAGITTAL PLANE

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19
Q

FLEXION AND EXTENSION ARE MOVEMENTS THAT HAPPEN IN WHAT PLANE ?

A

SAGITTAL PLANE

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20
Q

EXERCISE EXAMPLES THAT HAPPEN IN SAGITTAL PLANE

A

BICEP CURL, TRICEP PUSHDOWN, SQUAT, FRONT LUNGE, CALF RAISE, WALKING, RUNNING, VERTICAL JUMPING, CLIMBING STAIRS

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21
Q

FRONTAL PLANE AXIS

A

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

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22
Q

TRANSVERSE PLANE AXIS

A

LONGITUDINAL

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23
Q

FRONTAL PLANE MOTIONS

A

ADDUCTION/ ABDUCTION
LATERAL FLEXION
EVERSION/ INVERSION

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24
Q

TRANSVERSE MOTION

A

INTERNAL, EXTERNAL, LEFT/ RIGHT ROTATIONS, HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION/ ABDUCTION

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25
Q

EXERCISE EXAMPLES THAT HAPPEN IN FRONTAL PLANE

A

SIDE LATERAL RAISE, SIDE LUNGE, SIDE SHUFFLE

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26
Q

EXERCISE EXAMPLES THAT HAPPEN IN TRANSVERSE PLANE

A

TRUNK ROTATION, THROWING, GOLFING, SWINGING A BAT

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27
Q

TOES POINTED UP TOWARDS BODY

A

DORSIFLEXION

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28
Q

TOES POINTED AWAY FROM BODY

A

PLANTAR FLEXION

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29
Q

FOOT/HEEL BACK UP TOWARDS BUTT

A

KNEE FLEXION

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30
Q

FOOT/ HEEL STRAIGHT DOWN/FORWARD

A

KNEE EXTENSION

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31
Q

STANDING UP, KNEE UP TO 90*

A

HIP FLEXION: FEMORAL ON PELVIC ROTATION

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32
Q

STANDING, BENT OVER

A

HIP FLEXION: PELVIC ON FEMORAL ROTATION

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33
Q

STANDING, HEEL KICKBACK

A

HIP EXTENSION

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34
Q

STANDING, CHEST/CHIN TOWARD ABDOMEN

A

SPINAL FLEXION

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35
Q

STANDING, HEAD/CHIN BACK (SNIFFING)

A

SPINAL EXTENSION

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36
Q

HAND BROUGHT UP TO CHEST

A

ELBOW FLEXION

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37
Q

HAND STRAIGHT DOWN TO SIDE

A

ELBOW EXTENSION

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38
Q

ARM UP ABOVE HEAD

A

SHOULDER FLEXION

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39
Q

ARM DOWN TO BACK

A

SHOULDER EXTENSION

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40
Q

CHIN DOWN TO CHEST

A

CERVICAL FLEXION

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41
Q

CHIN UP AWAY FROM CHEST (SNIFFING)

A

CERVICAL EXTENSION

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42
Q

STRAIGHTENING MOVEMENT IN WHICH THE RELATIVE ANGLE B/W 2 ADJACENT SEGMENTS INCREASES

A

EXTENSION

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43
Q

EXTENSION OF A JOINT BEYOND THE NORMAL LIMIT OR RANGE OF MOTION

A

HYPEREXTENSION

44
Q

DURING THIS MOTION PELVIS AND SPINE ARE FIXED WHILE FEMUR ROTATES; OCCURS WHEN INDIVIDUAL DECREASES ANGLE B/W FEMUR (THIGH BONE) AND PELVIS OR LUMBAR SPINE

A

HIP FLEXION (FEMORAL ON PELVIC ROTATION)

45
Q

MOTION WHERE PELVIS AND LUMBAR SPINE ROTATE TOGETHER OVER A FIXED FEMUR; TRUNK BENDS FORWARD (TOUCHING TOES)

A

HIP FLEXION (PELVIC ON FEMORAL ROTATION)

46
Q

IMAGINARY BISECTOR THAT DIVIDES BODY INTO FRONT AND BACK HALVES

A

FRONTAL PLANE

47
Q

MOVEMENT IN FRONTAL PLANE AWAY FROM MIDLINE OF BODY

A

ABDUCTION

48
Q

MOVEMENT IN FRONTAL PLANE BACK TOWARD MIDLINE OF BODY

A

ADDUCTION

49
Q

IMAGINARY BISECTOR THAT DIVIDES BODY INTO TOP AND BOTTOM HALVES

A

TRANSVERSE PLANE

50
Q

ROTATION OF JOINT TOWARD MIDDLE OF BODY

A

INTERNAL ROTATION

51
Q

ROTATION OF JOINT AWAY FROM MIDDLE OF BODY

A

EXTERNAL ROTATION

52
Q

MOVEMENT OF ARMOR THIGH IN TRANSVERSE PLANE FROM AN ANTERIOR POSITION TO LATERAL POSITION

A

HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION

53
Q

MOVEMENT OF ARM OR THIGH IN TRANSVERSE PLANE FROM LATERAL POSITION TO ANTERIOR POSITION

A

HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION

54
Q

ABDUCTION/ ADDUCTION IN LIMBS (RELATIVE TO TRUNK), LATERAL FLEXION OF SPINE, AND EVERSION/ INVERSION AT FOOT AND ANKLE COMPLEX ARE MOVEMENTS THAT OCCUR IN WHAT PLANE ?

A

FRONTAL PLANE

55
Q

INCREASE IN ANGLE BETWEEN 2 ADJOINING SEGMENTS IN FRONTAL PLANE

A

ABDUCTION

56
Q

DECREASE IN ANGLE B/W 2 ADJOINING SEGMENTS IN FRONTAL PLANE

A

ADDUCTION

57
Q

BENDING OF THE SPINE (CERVICAL, THORACIC, OR LUMBAR) FROM SIDE TO SIDE (SIDE BENDING)

A

LATERAL FLEXION

58
Q

MOVEMENT OF CALCANEUS (HEEL BONE) AND TARSALS (ANKLE BONES) IN FRONTAL PLANE

A

EVERSION AND INVERSION

59
Q

INTERNAL/ EXTERNAL ROTATION OF LIMBS, RIGHT/ LEFT ROTATION OF HEAD AND TRUNK, HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION/ ADDUCTION OF LIMBS, AND RADIOULNAR (FOREARM) PRONATION AND SUPINATION ARE MOVEMENTS THAT OCCUR IN WHAT PLANE ?

A

TRANSVERSE PLANE

60
Q

ANKLE OUT AWAY FROM BODY

A

EVERSION

61
Q

ANKLE IN TOWARDS BODY

A

INVERSION

62
Q

LEG OUT AWAY FROM BODY

A

HIP ABDUCTION

63
Q

LEG IN TOWARDS/ ACROSS OTHER LEG

A

HIP ADDUCTION

64
Q

BENDING SIDE TO SIDE

A

LATERAL FLEXION

65
Q

ARM UP AND AWAY FROM BODY

A

SHOULDER ABDUCTION

66
Q

ARM IN TOWARDS BODY

A

SHOULDER ADDUCTION

67
Q

HEAD BEND TO SIDE

A

CERVICAL LATERAL FLEXION

68
Q

ADDUCTION OF SCAPULA; SHOULDER BLADES MOVE TOWARD MIDLINE

A

SCAPULAR RETRACTION

69
Q

ABDUCTION OF SCAPULA; SHOULDER BLADES MOVE AWAY FROM MIDLINE

A

SCAPULAR PROTRACTION

70
Q

DOWNWARD (INFERIOR) MOTION OF SCAPULA

A

SCAPULAR DEPRESSION

71
Q

UPWARD (SUPERIOR) MOTION OF SCAPULA

A

SCAPULAR ELEVATION

72
Q

FOOT ROTATED OUT AWAY FROM MIDLINE

A

HIP EXTERNAL ROTATION

73
Q

FOOT ROTATED IN TOWARD MIDLINE

A

HIP INTERNAL ROTATION

74
Q

ARM ROTATED OUT (PALM UP)

A

RADIOULNAR SUPINATION

75
Q

ARM ROTATED IN (PALM DOWN)

A

RADIOULNAR PRONATION

76
Q

ARM 90* ROTATED OUT AWAY FROM MIDLINE

A

SHOULDER EXTERNAL ROTATION

77
Q

ARM 90* ROTATED IN TOWARD MIDLINE

A

SHOULDER INTERNAL ROTATION

78
Q

ARMS EXTENDED OUT, AWAY FROM MIDLINE

A

SHOULDER HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION

79
Q

ARMS STRAIGHT, BROUGHT IN TOWARD MIDLINE

A

SHOULDER HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION

80
Q

TRUNK ROTATED IN/OUT

A

SPINAL ROTATION

81
Q

HEAD ROTATED IN/ OUT

A

CERVICAL ROTATION

82
Q

3 PRIMARY TYPES OF MUSCLE ACTIONS

A

ISOTONIC (ECCENTRIC AND CONCENTRIC), ISOMETRIC, ISOKINETIC

83
Q

MUSCLE ACTION THAT OCCURS WHEN MUSCLE DEVELOPS TENSION WHILE LENGTHENING

A

ECCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION

84
Q

CONSTANT MUSCLE TENSION

A

ISOTONIC (ECCENTRIC/ CONCENTRIC)

85
Q

CONSTANT MUSCLE LENGTH

A

ISOMETRIC

86
Q

CONSTANT VELOCITY OF MOTION

A

ISOKINETIC

87
Q

DURING ECCENTRIC ACTION, MUSCLE LENGTHENS BECAUSE CONTRACTILE FORCE IS WHAT ?

A

LESS THAT THE RESISTIVE FORCE

88
Q

AS MUSCLE LENGTHENS, ACTIN AND MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGES SO WHAT ?

A

PULL APART AND REATTACH, ALLOWING MUSCLE TO LENGTHEN

89
Q

T OR F: LENGTHENING OF MUSCLE USUALLY REFERS TO ITS RETURN OF RESTING LENGTH

A

TRUE

90
Q

SYNONYMOUS WITH DECELERATION; ALSO KNOWN AS A NEGATIVE

A

ECCENTRIC MOTION

91
Q

MOTION THAT MOVES IN SAME DIRECTION AS RESISTANCE IS MOVING (KNOWN AS DIRECTION OF RESISTANCE)

A

ECCENTRIC MOTION

92
Q

WHEN A MUSCLE EXERTS FORCE GREATER THAN RESISTIVE FORCE, RESULTS IN SHORTENING OF MUSCLE

A

CONCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION

93
Q

AS MUSCLE SHORTENS, ACTIN AND MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGES DO WHAT ?

A

MOVE TOGETHER (SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY), ALLOWING MUSCLE TO SHORTEN

94
Q

SYNONYMOUS WITH ACCELERATION; LIFTING PHASE

A

CONCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION

95
Q

WHEN MUSCLE EXERTS FORCE EQUAL TO FORCE BEING PLACED ON IT LEADING TO NO VISIBLE CHANGE IN MUSCLE LENGTH

A

ISOMETRIC MUSCLE ACTION

96
Q

WHEN A MUSCLE SHORTENS AT CONSTANT SPEED OVER A FULL RANGE OF MOTION

A

ISOKINETIC MUSCLE ACTION

97
Q

OBSERVED WHEN INDIVIDUAL PAUSES DURING RESISTANCE TRAINING EXERCISE B/W LIFTING AND LOWERING PHASE

A

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

98
Q

USED TO DYNAMICALLY STABILIZE BODY

A

ISOMETRIC ACTIONS

99
Q

REQUIRES USE OF EXPENSIVE AND SOPHISTICATED EQUIPMENT; RESISTANCE (LOAD) ADJUSTED SO THAT NO MATTER HOW MUCH MUSCULAR TENSION IS PRODUCED MOVEMENTS REMAINS CONSTANT

A

ISOKINETIC MUSCLE ACTION

100
Q

MUSCLE AT ITS MAX THROUGHOUT WHOLE RANGE OF MOTION; IMPROVES STRENGTH, ENDURANCE AND NEUROMUSCULAR EFFICIENCY

A

ISOKINETIC CONTRACTION

101
Q

CABLE CURL; ARMS CURLED UP TOWARDS CHEST IS WHAT MOTION ?

A

CONCENTRIC MOTION

102
Q

CABLE CURL; ARMS BACK DOWN IS WHAT MOTION ?

A

ECCENTRIC MOTION

103
Q

WALL BALL SQUAT; DOWN TO FLOOR IS WHAT MOTION ?

A

ECCENTRIC MOTION

104
Q

WALL BALL SQUAT; UP TO STANDING POSITION IS WHAT MOTION ?

A

CONCENTRIC MOTION

105
Q

INFLUENCE APPLIED BY ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER, RESULTS IN ACCELERATION OR DECELERATION OF SECOND OBJECT

A

FORCE

NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE (27 decks)

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