Ch 92: Antifungal Agents

Question 1

What is the drug of choice for most systemic mycoses?

Answer 1

amphotericin B

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Question 2

Amphotericin B binds to __________ in the fungal cell membrane, making the membrane more _________.

Answer 2

ergosterol; permeable

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Question 3

Much of the toxicity of amphotericin B results from…

Answer 3

…binding to cholesterol in host cell membranes.

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Question 4

Systemic mycoses require intravenous administration because…

Answer 4

…absorption of oral amphotericin B is poor.

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Question 5

Amphotericin B causes renal damage in ____ patients.

Answer 5

most

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Question 6

How can renal damage from Amphotericin B be mitigated?

Answer 6

By infusing 1 L of saline on the days amphotericin is infused.

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Question 7

Itraconazole is active against…

Answer 7

…a broad spectrum of fungi.

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Question 8

Itraconazole is an alternative to IV amphotericin for many fungal infections. Advantages are…

Answer 8

…lower toxicity and oral dosing.

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Question 9

What are the 2 major adverse effects of itraconazole?

Answer 9

cardiosuppression and liver damage

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Question 10

Which CYP isoenzyme does itraconazole inhibit?

Answer 10

CYP3A4

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Question 11

Drugs that ______ _______ _______ can greatly reduce absorption of itraconazole.

Answer 11

reduce gastric acidity

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Question 12

What is the drug of choice for superficial mycoses caused by dermatophytes and Candida species?

Answer 12

Clotrimazole

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Question 13

Vulvovaginal candidiasis can be treated with…

Answer 13

…a single oral dose of fluconazole or with short-term topical therapy.

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