Ch 61: Estrogens and Progestins: Basic Pharmacology and Noncontraceptive Applications

Question 1

The first half of the menstrual cycle (days 1 - 14) is called the…

Answer 1

…follicular phase.

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Question 2

The second half is called the…

Answer 2

…luteal phase.

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Question 3

At the end of the menstrual cycle, what causes breakdown of the endometrium and resultant menstrual bleeding?

Answer 3

the fall in progesterone levels at the end of the cycle

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Question 4

Estrogens both _______ and ________ blood coagulation.

Answer 4

promote and suppress

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Question 5

Prolonged use of estrogens alone by postmenopausal women is associated with an increased risk of…

Answer 5

…endometrial carcinoma.

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Question 6

However, when estrogens are used in combination with a progestin…

Answer 6

…there is little or no risk of uterine cancer.

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Question 7

Estrogen does not _____ breast cancer, but it ________ the growth of cancer that already exists, and then, only if the cancer is _________ ________-________.

Answer 7

cause
promotes
estrogen receptor-positive

(p. 736)

Question 8

Where do follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone come from?

Answer 8

The anterior pituitary

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Question 9

During the first half of the cycle, FSH acts on the developing ovarian follicles, causing them to…

Answer 9

…mature and secrete estrogens.

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Question 10

At midcycle, LH levels…

Answer 10

…rise abruptly.

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Question 11

What does the mid-cycle surge of LH cause?

Answer 11

It causes the dominant follicle to swell rapidly, burst, and release its ovum.

Question 12

Following ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes a ______ ______ and, under the influence of __ begins to secrete ____________.

Answer 12

corpus luteum
LH
progesterone

(p. 734)