Ch 91: Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs: Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Daptomycin, Rifampin, Rifaximin, Bacitracin, and Polymyxins

Question 1

Metronidazole is used for infections caused by _________ and infections caused by ________ _________ bacteria. (Aerobic bacteria are ___________ to this drug.)

Answer 1

protozoal
obligate anaerobic
insensitive

(p. 1089)

Question 2

Name 6 species of bacteria which are sensitive to metronidazole.

Answer 2

Bacteroides fragilis (and other Bacteroides species)
Clostridium difficile (and other Clostridium species)
Fusobacterium species
Gardnerella vaginalis
Peptococcus species
Peptostreptococcus species

(p. 1089)

Question 3

What should you tell your patients about taking metronidazole (Flagyl) and drinking alcohol?

Answer 3

Do not drink alcohol while you are taking metronidazole and for at least 3 days after you stop taking it, as it can cause a disulfiram-like reaction.

[Retrieved from http://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/d00108a1]

Question 4

Fluoroquinolones are _____-________ antibiotics with a wide variety of ________ ____________.

Answer 4

broad-spectrum; clinical applications

p. 1091

Question 5

Fluoroquinolones act by…

Answer 5

…inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

p. 1091

Question 6

Because fluoroquinolones can cause __________ and ______ _______, they should be discontinued at the first sign of ______ ____ or ____________.
The patient should not exercise until..

Answer 6

tendinitis; tendon rupture; tendon pain; inflammation
…tendinitis has been ruled out.

(p. 1091)

Question 7

Fluoroquinolones also pose a risk of…

Answer 7

…phototoxicity.

p. 1091

Question 8

Fluoroquinolones can exacerbate muscle weakness, and thus are contraindicated in patients with…

Answer 8

…myasthenia gravis.

p. 1091

Question 9

Absorption of fluoroquinolones can be reduced by…

Answer 9

…cationic substances, including milk products (calcium), aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids, iron and zinc salts, and sucralfate.

(p. 1091)

Question 10

In addition to its use against ________, metronidazole is used against infections caused by ________ _________ bacteria, including ___________ ________ and _. _________.

Answer 10

protozoa; obligate anaerobic; Bacteroides fragilis; C. difficile.

(p. 1091)