Ch 46: Vasodilators

Question 1

What are the 3 varieties of vasodilators?

Answer 1

Those that selectively dilate arterioles, those that selectively dilate veins, and those that dilate both.

(p. 494)

Question 2

What is another term for arterioles? Veins?

Answer 2

Resistance vessels
Capacitance vessels

(p. 494)

Question 3

The selectivity of a vasodilator determines its…

Answer 3

…hemodynamic effects.

p. 494

Question 4

Drugs that dilate arterioles cause…

Answer 4

…a decrease in cardiac afterload.

p. 494

Question 5

Drugs that dilate veins cause…

Answer 5

…a decrease in cardiac preload.

p. 494

Question 6

To help prevent vasodilator-induced reflex tachycardia, patients can be…

Answer 6

…pretreated with a beta blocker, which will block sympathetic stimulation of the heart.

(p. 495)

Question 7

Reduced blood pressure triggers secretion of…

Answer 7

…aldosterone by the adrenal glands.

p. 495

Question 8

Increased _____ ______ can negate the beneficial effects of a vasodilator. This is why patients often receive concurrent therapy with a ________.

Answer 8

blood volume
diuretic

(p. 495)

Question 9

Hydralazine and minoxidil both cause selective dilation of…

Answer 9

…arterioles.

p. 495

Question 10

In addition to decreased peripheral resistance and arterial blood pressure, reflex mechanisms causes and increase in…

Answer 10

…heart rate and myocardial contractility.

p. 495

Question 11

Hydralazine is inactivated by a process known as acetylation. The ability to acetylate drugs is…

Answer 11

…genetically determined.

p. 495

Question 12

Hydralazine can cause an acute rheumatoid syndrome that closely resembles…

Answer 12

…systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

p. 496

Question 13

Because minoxidil is both very effective and very dangerous, it is reserved for patients with…

Answer 13

…severe hypertension unresponsive to safer drugs.

p. 496

Question 14

To minimize the adverse responses of reflex tachycardia, expansion of blood volume, and pericardial effusion, minoxidil should be used with…

Answer 14

…a beta blocker plus intensive diuretic therapy.

p. 496

Question 15

80% of patients taking minoxidil for 4 weeks or more develop…

Answer 15

…hypertrichosis (excessive growth of hair).

p. 497

Question 16

Which drug acts faster than any other vasodilator available?

Answer 16

Nitroprusside (Nipride)

p. 497

Question 17

xxx

Answer 17

…venous dilation in addition to arteriolar dilation.

p. 497

Question 18

Adverse effects of nitroprusside include…

Answer 18

…cyanide poisoning and thiocyanate toxicity.

p. 497