Ch 41: Diuretics

Question 1

Aldosterone, the principal mineralocortoid of the adrenal cortex, stimulates….

Answer 1

….reabsorption of sodium from the distal nephron

p. 450

Question 2

Drugs that act early in the nephron have the opportunity to block the greatest amount of ______ ____________. As a result, these agents produce the _________ ________.

Answer 2

solute reabsorption
greatest diuresis

(p. 450)

Question 3

What are the 4 major categories of diuretic drugs?

Plus, what is the 5th group employed to lower intraocular pressure?

Answer 3

1) osmotic diuretics
2) loop diuretics
3) thiazide diuretics
4) potassium-sparing diuretics

5) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
(p. 450)

Question 4

The potassium-sparing agents can be subdivided into…

Answer 4

…aldosterone antagonists and nonaldosterone antagonists.

p. 450

Question 5

Effects of PO furosemide begin in _ ____ and persist for _ hrs. Effects of IV furosemide begin within _ ___ and last for _ _____.

Answer 5

1 hour; 8 hours

5 min; 2 hours

(p. 450)

Question 6

What is the mechanism of action of metolazone?

Answer 6

It inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water, as well as potassium and hydrogen ions.

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action of furosemide?

Answer 7

Primarily inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and proximal and distal renal tubules, interfering with the chloride-binding cotransport system, thus causing its natriuretic effect (Rose 1991).

[Retrieved from Lexicomp]