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DAT BIOLOGY > ch 9- diversity of life > Flashcards

ch 9- diversity of life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

largest classification of life

A

domain

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2
Q

what are the domains

A

eukarya
bacteria
archaea

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3
Q

bacteria and archaea kingdom

A

monera
both dont have membrane bound organelles

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4
Q

what are the six kingdoms

A

archaea
eubacteria
protista
fungi
plantae
animalia

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5
Q

diplo

A

grow in pairs

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6
Q

staph

A

grow in grape like clusters

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7
Q

strep

A

grow in a chain

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8
Q

bacillus

A

rod shaped

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9
Q

steroids

A

only found in eykaryotes membranes not in prokaryotes

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10
Q

eubacteria vs archaea cell wall

A

archaea- lack peptidoglycan
ETHER linkages

eubacteria- contain peptidoglycan
ESTER linkages

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11
Q

ribosome of eubacteria vs archaea

A

both 70s

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12
Q

DNA organization of eubacteria vs archaea

A

arcahea- circular with introns and histones

eubacteria- circular NO INTRONS OR HISTONES

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13
Q

gram positive structure

A

+ve- thick peptidoglycan layer in cell wall
- minor periplasm
-no LPS
-exotoxins
-teichooic acids - polysaccharide connnecting peptidoglycan layer with plasma membrane

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14
Q

gram positive and negative colour

A

postitive- dark purple

negative- pink

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15
Q

gram negative structure

A

-ve- thin peptidoglycan layer and second outer membrane

both covered by capsule- virulence factor preventing drying out

  • periplasm
    -LPS
    -exotoxins
    -no teichoic acids
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16
Q

what is LPS

A

endotoxin released when bacteria is destroyed

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17
Q

size of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prok- 1um

euk- 10-100 um

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18
Q

what eukaryotes have cell walls

A

plants
fungi
some protists

prokaryotes have cell walls

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19
Q

cell wall of arcahea

A

polysaccharides

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20
Q

telomeres and ceontromere on chromosomes of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prokaryotes dont have telomeres or centromeres

eukaryotes do

21
Q

origins of DNA replication prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

arachea- many
euk- many
bact- one

22
Q

post transcriptional modification prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prok- none
euk- yes

23
Q

krebs cycle loaction prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prok- cytosol
euk- mitochondrial matrix

24
Q

glycolysis location prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prok- cytosol
euk- cytosol

25
Q

pyruvate oxidation prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prok- cytosol
euk- mitochondrial matrix

26
Q

protists

A

kingdom of mostly unicellular euk organisms

fungus like protists
plant like protists
animal lik eprotists

27
Q

fungus like protists

A

-Unlike fungi, no cell wall made of chitin.
-Can move via cilia or flagella (e.g.,
slime molds).
-Are saprophytic and feed via
phagocytosis.
-Reproduce via asexual reproduction
and sporulation (resist environmental conditions).

28
Q

plant like protists

A

Among the most important primary producers. Algae encompasses a large variety of plant-like protists due to having chloroplasts and photosynthetic ability.

-diatoms and euglenoids
- Dinoflagellates

29
Q

diatoms and euglenoids

A

Diatoms, and euglenoids are unicellular,
photosynthetic autotrophs that reproduce
asexually and are found in aquatic
environments.

30
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

Responsible for red tide
(toxins build up, O2 in water is depleted), have two flagella (find food in absence of light), and are heterotrophic (parasitic).

31
Q

animal like protists

A

Known as protozoa, have food vacuoles. Include amoeba and paramecium. Heterotrophic (move via flagella and cilia) and are often parasitic pathogens.

32
Q

fungi

A

heterotrophic saprophytes that have a
predominantly haploid life cycle.

non filamentous
filamentous

33
Q

non filamentous fungi

A

(e.g., yeast) are unicellular,
reproduce asexually by budding, and are
facultative anaerobes.

34
Q

filamentous fungi

A

(e.g., molds) are multicellular,
multinucleate (form hyphae), reproduce sexually, and are aerobic.

35
Q

hyphae

A

long branching filaments forming network of fungi called mycelium

septate hyphae- septa dividing hyphae or coenocytic hypae (long multinucleated cell with no cytokenesis)

36
Q

fungi under favourable conditions

A

Under favorable environments, fungi reproduce
asexually by producing a CONIDIA, a haploid
spore-producing structure which produces haploid
spores that grow via mitosis. Additionally, fungi have
the ability to reproduce via regeneration.

37
Q

fungi under un-favourable conditions

A

In unfavorable environments, fungi reproduce
sexually-producing genetically different offspring with
greater chance of survival. Two hyphae fuse their
cytoplasm (plasmogamy) to create a single fused cell
with two haploid pronuclei which fuse (karyogamy)
to produce a single diploid cell. The diploid cell
produces a spore-producing structure that produces
spores via meiosis.

38
Q

lichens

A

synbiotic autotrophs

fungus paired with algae or cyanobacteria

-fungus protects and provides water for cyanobacteria/algae and the cyanobact/algae photosynth

39
Q

animals

A

euk
diploid
multicellular
heterotrophic
aerobes

40
Q

coelomates vs acoelomates

A

Animals can be distinguished based on the presence
of a coelom (cavity). In coelomates, mesoderm
surrounds the coelom on all sides, whereas in
acoelomates it does not.

41
Q

pseudocoelomates

A

coelom is partially surrounded by mesoderm

The pseudocoelom is a
hydroskeleton (fluid pressure providing structural
support) that helps with motility.

42
Q

animal phyla and mneumonic

A

porifera
cnidaria

acoeloamate:
platyhelminthes

pseudocoelomates:
nematoda
rotifera

(coelomates)
annelidia
mollusca
arthopoda
echinodermata
chordata

privelaged children play nicely rapidly and maturely arthur ensures cooperation

43
Q

coelomates classification

A

Coelomates can be further divided into
schizocoelomates (coelom forms through separation
of mesodermal cells) or enterocoelomates (coelom
forms through the out-pocketing of the embryonic gut (archenteron)
into the mesodermal space).

44
Q

what animals are schiocoelomates

A

Protostomes are usually
schizocoelomates; however, some deuterostomes can
also exhibit schizocoely.

here, the coelom begins and splits within the mesoderm

45
Q

schizocoelomates vs enterocoelomates cleavage

A

schizo- holoblastic, spiral, determinant

enterocoelmoates- radial, indeterminate

46
Q

what has segmented bodies

A

annelidia

arthropoda

chordata

47
Q

porifera example

A

sponge

48
Q
A

DAT BIOLOGY (32 decks)

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