ch 9- diversity of life Flashcards

Question

pyruvate oxidation prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Answer 1

prok- cytosol euk- mitochondrial matrix

Answer 2

kingdom of mostly unicellular euk organisms fungus like protists plant like protists animal lik eprotists

Answer 3

-Unlike fungi, no cell wall made of chitin. -Can move via cilia or flagella (e.g., slime molds). -Are saprophytic and feed via phagocytosis. -Reproduce via asexual reproduction and sporulation (resist environmental conditions).

Answer 4

Among the most important primary producers. Algae encompasses a large variety of plant-like protists due to having chloroplasts and photosynthetic ability. -diatoms and euglenoids - Dinoflagellates

Answer 5

Diatoms, and euglenoids are unicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs that reproduce asexually and are found in aquatic environments.

Answer 6

Responsible for red tide (toxins build up, O2 in water is depleted), have two flagella (find food in absence of light), and are heterotrophic (parasitic).

Answer 7

Known as protozoa, have food vacuoles. Include amoeba and paramecium. Heterotrophic (move via flagella and cilia) and are often parasitic pathogens.

Answer 8

heterotrophic saprophytes that have a predominantly haploid life cycle. non filamentous filamentous

Answer 9

(e.g., yeast) are unicellular, reproduce asexually by budding, and are facultative anaerobes.

Answer 10

(e.g., molds) are multicellular, multinucleate (form hyphae), reproduce sexually, and are aerobic.

Answer 11

long branching filaments forming network of fungi called mycelium septate hyphae- septa dividing hyphae or coenocytic hypae (long multinucleated cell with no cytokenesis)

Answer 12

Under favorable environments, fungi reproduce asexually by producing a CONIDIA, a haploid spore-producing structure which produces haploid spores that grow via mitosis. Additionally, fungi have the ability to reproduce via regeneration.

Answer 13

In unfavorable environments, fungi reproduce sexually-producing genetically different offspring with greater chance of survival. Two hyphae fuse their cytoplasm (plasmogamy) to create a single fused cell with two haploid pronuclei which fuse (karyogamy) to produce a single diploid cell. The diploid cell produces a spore-producing structure that produces spores via meiosis.

Answer 14

synbiotic autotrophs fungus paired with algae or cyanobacteria -fungus protects and provides water for cyanobacteria/algae and the cyanobact/algae photosynth

Answer 15

euk diploid multicellular heterotrophic aerobes

Answer 16

Animals can be distinguished based on the presence of a coelom (cavity). In coelomates, mesoderm surrounds the coelom on all sides, whereas in acoelomates it does not.

Answer 17

coelom is partially surrounded by mesoderm The pseudocoelom is a hydroskeleton (fluid pressure providing structural support) that helps with motility.

Answer 18

porifera cnidaria acoeloamate: platyhelminthes pseudocoelomates: nematoda rotifera (coelomates) annelidia mollusca arthopoda echinodermata chordata privelaged children play nicely rapidly and maturely arthur ensures cooperation

Answer 19

Coelomates can be further divided into schizocoelomates (coelom forms through separation of mesodermal cells) or enterocoelomates (coelom forms through the out-pocketing of the embryonic gut (archenteron) into the mesodermal space).

Answer 20

Protostomes are usually schizocoelomates; however, some deuterostomes can also exhibit schizocoely. here, the coelom begins and splits within the mesoderm

Answer 21

schizo- holoblastic, spiral, determinant enterocoelmoates- radial, indeterminate

Answer 22

annelidia arthropoda chordata