Ch. 9 Diagnostic Terms

Question 0

adrenal virilism

Answer 0

excessive output of the androgen in adult women caused by a tumor or hyperplasia

Question 1

Cushing syndrome

Answer 1

a collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone

Question 2

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 2

metabolic disorder caused by the absence or insufficient production of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia and glucosuria

Question 3

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 3

diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival

Question 4

type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 4

diabetes in which either the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance occurs; patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival

Question 5

hyperinsulinism

Answer 5

a condition that results from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or a tumor of the pancreas

Question 6

pancreatitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 7

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 7

hypersecretion of the parathyroid gland, usually caused by a tumor

Question 8

hypoparathyroidism

Answer 8

hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands

Question 9

acromegaly

Answer 9

disease characterized by enlarged features, especially of the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty; often caused by a pituitary tumor

Question 10

pituitary dwarfism

Answer 10

a condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone that slows growth and causes short, yet proportionate, stature; often treated during childhood with growth hormone

Question 11

pituitary gigantism

Answer 11

a condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor

Question 12

goiter

Answer 12

enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation (goiter = throat)

Question 13

hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

a condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by nervousness, weight loss, rapid pulse, protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos), goiter, etc.

Question 14

Graves’ disease

Answer 14

the most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by autoimmune defect that creates antibodies that stimulate the overproduction of thyroid hormones; exophthalmos is a featured characteristic

Question 15

hypothyroidism

Answer 15

a condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and obesity

Question 16

myxedema

Answer 16

advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin (myx = mucus)

Question 17

cretinism

Answer 17

condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed