Ch. 4 Diagnostic Terms

Question 0

arthritis

Answer 0

inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion

Question 1

ankylosis

Answer 1

stiff joint condition

Question 2

osteoarthritis (OA), degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Answer 2

most common form of arthritis, especially affecting the weight-bearing joints (e.g., knee or hip), characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage

Question 3

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 3

most crippling form of arthritis; characterized by chronic, systemic inflammation, most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially in the hands and feet) and causing ankylosis and deformity

Question 4

gouty arthritis

Answer 4

acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint (especially the great toe), caused by hyperuricemia (an excessive level of uric acid in the blood)

Question 5

bony necrosis, sequestrum

Answer 5

bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture (sequestrum = something laid aside)

Question 6

bunion

Answer 6

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by an inflammation of the bursa

Question 7

bursitis

Answer 7

inflammation of a bursa

Question 8

chondromalacia

Answer 8

softening of cartilage

Question 9

epiphysitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone

Question 10

fracture (Fx)

Answer 10

broken or cracked bone

Question 11

closed fracture

Answer 11

broken bone with no open wound

Question 12

open fracture

Answer 12

compound fracture; broken bone with an open would

Question 13

simple fracture

Answer 13

nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair (e.g., hairline fracture, stress fracture or a crack)

Question 14

complex fracture

Answer 14

displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair

Question 15

fracture line

Answer 15

the line of the break in a broken bone (e.g., oblique, spiral, or transverse)

Question 16

comminuted fracture

Answer 16

broken in many small pieces

Question 17

greenstick fracture

Answer 17

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

Question 18

herniated disk

Answer 18

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

Question 19

myeloma

Answer 19

bone marrow tumor

Question 20

myositis

Answer 20

inflammation of the muscle

Question 21

myoma

Answer 21

muscle tumor

Question 22

leiomyoma

Answer 22

smooth muscle tumor

Question 23

leiomyosarcoma

Answer 23

malignant smooth muscle tumor

Question 24

rhabdomyoma

Answer 24

skeletal muscle tumor

Question 25

rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 25

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

Question 26

muscular dystrophy

Answer 26

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; Duchenne type is more common

Question 27

osteoma

Answer 27

bone tumor

Question 28

osteosarcoma

Answer 28

type of malignant bone tumor

Question 29

osteomalacia

Answer 29

disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium andn vitamin D deficiency

Question 30

rickets

Answer 30

osteomalacia in children; causes bone deformity

Question 31

osteomyelitis

Answer 31

infection of bone and bone marrow, causing inflammation

Question 32

osteoporosis

Answer 32

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become more brittle and to fracture more easily (porosis = passage)

Question 33

spinal curvatures

Answer 33

curvatures of the spine (backbone) or spinal column (vertebral column)

Question 34

kyphosis

Answer 34

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humped-back condition)

Question 35

lordosis

Answer 35

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

Question 36

scoliosis

Answer 36

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve)

Question 37

spondylolisthesis

Answer 37

forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra (listhesis = slipping)

Question 38

sprain

Answer 38

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture

Question 39

subluxation

Answer 39

partial dislocation (luxation = dislocation)

Question 40

tendinitis, tendonitis

Answer 40

inflammation of a tendon