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Medical Terminology > Ch. 12 Diagnostic Terms > Flashcards

Ch. 12 Diagnostic Terms Flashcards

1
Q

ankyloglossia

A

tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl/o = crooked or stiff)

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2
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lip

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3
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

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4
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

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5
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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6
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

back flow of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus

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7
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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8
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

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9
Q

parotiditis, parotitis

A

inflammation of the parotid gland; mumps

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10
Q

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Heliobacter pylori bacteria (pelt/o = to digest)

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11
Q

gastric ulcer

A

stomach ulcer

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12
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

ulcer located in the duodenum

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13
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowed condition of the pylorus

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14
Q

sialoadenitis

A

inflammation of the salivary gland

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15
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

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16
Q

anal fistula

A

an abnormal, tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula = pipe)

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17
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

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18
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

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19
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations

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20
Q

colorectal polyps

A

benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous

21
Q

pediculated polyp

A

projected on a stalk (per/o = foot)

22
Q

sessile polyp

A

lying flat on the surface (sessilis = low growing)

23
Q

diverticulum

A

an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

24
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon

25
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticula

26
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g., amebic dysentery)

27
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

28
Q

hemorrhoid

A

swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)

29
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a part from its normal location

30
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm

31
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

32
Q

incarcerated hernia

A

hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

33
Q

strangulated hernia

A

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

34
Q

umbilical hernia

A

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus

35
Q

ileitis

A

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

36
Q

intussusception

A

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus = within; suscipiens = to take up)

37
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

38
Q

procititis

A

inflammation of the rectum and anus

39
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction (volvo = to roll)

40
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts

41
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

42
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

presence of stones in the common bile duct

43
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

44
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho = yellow)

45
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

46
Q

hepatitis A

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food and water

47
Q

hepatitis B

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

48
Q

hepatitis C

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually

49
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

Medical Terminology (120 decks)

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