Ch. 12 Diagnostic Terms

Question 1

ankyloglossia

Answer 1

tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl/o = crooked or stiff)

Question 2

cheilitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the lip

Question 3

esophageal varices

Answer 3

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

Question 4

esophagitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the esophagus

Question 5

gastritis

Answer 5

inflammation of the stomach

Question 6

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 6

back flow of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus

Question 7

gingivitis

Answer 7

inflammation of the gums

Question 8

glossitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the tongue

Question 9

parotiditis, parotitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the parotid gland; mumps

Question 10

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Answer 10

sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Heliobacter pylori bacteria (pelt/o = to digest)

Question 11

gastric ulcer

Answer 11

stomach ulcer

Question 12

duodenal ulcer

Answer 12

ulcer located in the duodenum

Question 13

pyloric stenosis

Answer 13

narrowed condition of the pylorus

Question 14

sialoadenitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the salivary gland

Question 15

stomatitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the mouth

Question 16

anal fistula

Answer 16

an abnormal, tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula = pipe)

Question 17

appendicitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the appendix

Question 18

colitis

Answer 18

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

Question 19

ulcerative colitis

Answer 19

chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations

Question 20

colorectal polyps

Answer 20

benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous

Question 21

pediculated polyp

Answer 21

projected on a stalk (per/o = foot)

Question 22

sessile polyp

Answer 22

lying flat on the surface (sessilis = low growing)

Question 23

diverticulum

Answer 23

an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

Question 24

diverticulosis

Answer 24

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon

Question 25

diverticulitis

Answer 25

inflammation of diverticula

Question 26

dysentery

Answer 26

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g., amebic dysentery)

Question 27

enteritis

Answer 27

inflammation of the small intestine

Question 28

hemorrhoid

Answer 28

swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)

Question 29

hernia

Answer 29

protrusion of a part from its normal location

Question 30

hiatal hernia

Answer 30

protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm

Question 31

inguinal hernia

Answer 31

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

Question 32

incarcerated hernia

Answer 32

hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

Question 33

strangulated hernia

Answer 33

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

Question 34

umbilical hernia

Answer 34

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus

Question 35

ileitis

Answer 35

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

Question 36

intussusception

Answer 36

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus = within; suscipiens = to take up)

Question 37

peritonitis

Answer 37

inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 38

procititis

Answer 38

inflammation of the rectum and anus

Question 39

volvulus

Answer 39

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction (volvo = to roll)

Question 40

cholangitis

Answer 40

inflammation of the bile ducts

Question 41

cholecystitis

Answer 41

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 42

choledocholithiasis

Answer 42

presence of stones in the common bile duct

Question 43

cholelithiasis

Answer 43

presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

Question 44

cirrhosis

Answer 44

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho = yellow)

Question 45

hepatitis

Answer 45

inflammation of the liver

Question 46

hepatitis A

Answer 46

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food and water

Question 47

hepatitis B

Answer 47

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

Question 48

hepatitis C

Answer 48

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually

Question 49

pancreatitis

Answer 49

inflammation of the pancreas